Masaoka staging system of thymoma
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Citation:
Weerakkody Y, Knipe H, Goel A, et al. Masaoka staging system of thymoma. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 27 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-7812
rID:
7812
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Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.
View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Yuranga Weerakkody had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures
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5 contributors -
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Synonyms:
- Thymoma staging
- Masaoka-Koga staging system
- Masaoka-Koga staging system of thymic tumours
The Masaoka staging system is commonly adopted for thymomas 1-3, and is the most important determinant of survival following surgical resection 4:
- stage I: intact thymic capsule
- stage II: capsular invasion into adjacent mediastinal fat or pleura
- stage III: macroscopic invasion into adjacent organs, vessels
-
stage IV
- IVa: dissemination in thoracic cavity (i.e. pleural or pericardial implants)
- IVb: distant metastases
Stage II and above are regarded as thymic carcinoma 2.
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References
- 1. Truong MT, Sabloff BS, Gladish GW et-al. Invasive thymoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181 (6): 1504. doi:10.2214/ajr.181.6.1811504 - Pubmed citation
- 2. Wilkins KB, Sheikh E, Green R et-al. Clinical and pathologic predictors of survival in patients with thymoma. Ann. Surg. 1999;230 (4): 562-72. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 3. Lee HS, Kim ST, Lee J et-al. A single institutional experience of thymic epithelial tumours over 11 years: clinical features and outcome and implications for future management. Br. J. Cancer. 2007;97 (1): 22-8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603833 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 4. Kim DJ, Yang WI, Choi SS et-al. Prognostic and clinical relevance of the World Health Organization schema for the classification of thymic epithelial tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 108 patients and literature review. Chest. 2005;127 (3): 755-61. doi:10.1378/chest.127.3.755 - Pubmed citation
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