The differential for osteoporosis includes:
-
endocrine
-
hypogonadism
-
ovarian
-
testicular
-
mastocytosis (mast cells produce heparin)
-
disuse (usually an aggressive osteoporosis with pseudopermeative pattern)
-
iatrogenic: many medications are now known to increase risk of bone demineralisation and hence fracture risk 2:
steroids
heparin
antiretroviral therapy for HIV 3
proton pump inhibitors
selective serotonin receptor inhibitors
thiazolidinediones
antiseizure medications
medroxyprogesterone acetate
hormone deprivation therapy
calcineurin inhibitors
chemotherapies
-
deficiency states
hypoproteinaemia
-
congenital
HIV: complex and poorly understood pathogenesis 3
NB: this is not the same as the differential for osteopenia, as osteoporosis is only one of several causes of osteopenia.
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