Palatine bone
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The palatine bones are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the hard palate with the maxillary bones. They also form part of the floor of the nasal cavity (the hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity).
Gross anatomy
The palatine bones are located at the back of the nasal cavity, between the maxillae and the sphenoid. Each bone consists of a horizontal and perpendicular plate forming an L-shape. There are three processes, the pyramidal, orbital and sphenoidal.
They make structural contributions to the hard palate, nasal cavity, orbital floor and pterygopalatine fossa.
Articulations
with the palatine process of the maxilla anteriorly forming the transverse palatine suture
with its opposite counterpart in the midline
with the vomer
with the inferior concha
with both the body and the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
with the ethmoid
Attachments
tensor palati to the posterior border of the horizontal plate
muscle of the uvula to the nasal spine of the horizontal plate
superficial head of the medial pterygoid muscle to the pyramidal process
Foramina
-
transmits the greater palatine vessels and nerve from the pterygopalatine fossa to the oral cavity
formed by the greater palatine groove and converted to a canal by articulation with the maxilla
-
transmits the lesser palatine nerves and vessels
-
formed by the sphenopalatine notch of the palatine bone articulating with the body of the sphenoid
connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity and transmits the sphenopalatine artery and vein, nasopalatine nerve and posterior superior nasal nerves
Ossification
intramembranous ossification appears eighth week in utero
at birth, the horizontal and perpendicular plates are of equal size
References
- 1. Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy. (2015) ISBN: 9780702052309 - Google Books
- 2. Mcminn. Last's Anatomy. (2003) ISBN: 9780729537520 - Google Books
Incoming Links
- Lesser palatine foramina
- Maxilla
- Ethmoid bone
- Infraorbital nerve
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Lateral posterior inferior nasal nerve
- Hard palate
- Pterygopalatine fossa
- Nasal cavity
- Bony orbit
- Sphenoid bone
- Lesser palatine nerves
- Skull
- Palatovaginal canal
- Facial bones
- Lamina papyracea
- Greater palatine foramen
- Medial pterygoid muscle
- Nasal septum
- Muscle of the uvula
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