Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
White epidermoid cyst
White epidermoids are a rare type of epidermoid cyst that do not follow the usual near-CSF density and signal intensity on CT and MR, respectively.
Terminology
The term “white epidermoid cyst” does not denote a variant; it represents a distinct transformation within an epidermoid cyst due to l...
Article
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most common bariatric surgeries, used to treat morbid obesity.
In this laparoscopic operation, the stomach is stapled or divided to form a small pouch (typically <30 mL in volume), which is anastomosed to the Roux limb (also known as the efferent or alim...
Article
Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated
Medulloblastoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated tumors are malignant tumors of the central nervous system. They are the second most common medulloblastoma group, divided according to TP53 mutation status into TP53-wildtype and TP53-mutant that are distinct entities differing in their molecular, ...
Article
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may be seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and when acute can be a life-threatening condition. It is a major cause of non-cirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombus may be either bland and/or malignant (i.e. tumor thrombus), and it is a cri...
Article
Right atrial appendage
The right atrial appendage, also known as the right auricule (TA) or auricle, is a trapezoidal pouch forming the anterosuperior part of the right atrium. Pacemaker/defibrillator leads are often placed at this site.
Gross anatomy
The right atrial appendage is delineated from the rest of the rig...
Article
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST), the presence of thrombus in the cavernous sinus, is a rare condition, most commonly infectious in nature, and the diagnosis on imaging is not always straightforward. It has high mortality and morbidity rates.
Epidemiology
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is rare, wi...
Article
Cavernous sinus
The cavernous sinuses are paired dural venous sinuses.
Gross anatomy
The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the pituitary fossa and body of the sphenoid bone. It is most easily thought of as existing between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura although some additional com...
Article
T1 black holes
T1 black holes are hypointense lesions that may be seen on T1 weighted imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis, and indicates the chronic stage with white matter destruction, axonal loss and irreversible clinical outcome.
Article
Coccygeus muscle
The coccygeus muscle, also known as the ischiococcygeus muscle, is a remnant muscle of the pelvic floor.
Gross anatomy
The coccygeus is a paired muscle which is triangular in shape and overlies the sacrospinous ligament. The coccygeus lies parallel to the inferior border of the piriformis musc...
Article
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterized by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4).
Terminology
Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article
Autoimmune pancreatitis (diagnostic criteria)
There are several sets of diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), with some overlap and contradictions.
Several different sets of diagnostic criteria are in use 4.
Asian 2008 AIP diagnostic criteria
both criteria I to be fulfilled
one criterion II
consistent histology
The cr...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Left atrial appendage thrombus
Left atrial appendage thrombus is a site of intra-cardiac thrombus and refers to the presence of thrombus within the left atrial appendage.
The left atrial appendage is considered the main location of thrombus formation, predominantly in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Radiogra...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known by the names plasma cell myeloma and Kahler disease, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma ...
Article
Pelvic kidney
Pelvic kidneys, sometimes known as a sacral kidney, are kidneys that are fixed in the bony pelvis or across the spine and are an anatomic variant 1.
Epidemiology
Pelvic ectopia is seen in 1 in 2,100-3,000 autopsies. It is considered the most common form of renal ectopia 4.
Associations
Ectop...
Article
What constitutes a perfect case
So, what should a perfect case look like? Over time, the quality of contributions to Radiopaedia has grown, and what is considered a "perfect case" has also evolved. Please refer to the case publishing guidelines for a general set of instructions. You also can get a sense of how close your case ...
Article
Pancake kidney
Pancake kidney (also known as discoid kidney, disc kidney, lump kidney, fused pelvic kidney or cake kidney) is a rare renal fusion anomaly of the kidneys of the crossed fused variety.
Clinical presentation
Pancake kidney may be an incidental finding. However, they can present clinically becaus...
Article
Ectopic kidney
An ectopic kidney, also known as renal ectopia, is a congenital renal anomaly characterized by the abnormal location of one or both of the kidneys.
They can occur in several forms:
cross fused renal ectopia
ectopic thoracic kidney
pelvic kidney
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence of an ec...
Article
Meckel diverticulitis
Meckel diverticulitis is the inflammation of a Meckel diverticulum, which is the most common congenital structural abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract 3. Despite this, it is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and is often not correctly diagnosed pre-operatively.
This article focuses on M...
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
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