Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Cavernous sinus
The cavernous sinuses are paired dural venous sinuses.
Gross anatomy
The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the pituitary fossa and body of the sphenoid bone. It is most easily thought of as existing between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura although some additional com...
Article
McCleery syndrome
McCleery syndrome is a subtype of venous thoracic outlet syndrome with symptoms resulting from compression of the subclavian vein without thrombosis (in contrast to Paget-Schroetter syndrome).
Clinical presentation
Patients with McCleery syndrome present with intermittent obstruction of the s...
Article
White epidermoid cyst
White epidermoids are a rare type of epidermoid cyst that do not follow the usual near-CSF density and signal intensity on CT and MR, respectively.
Terminology
The term “white epidermoid cyst” does not denote a variant; it represents a distinct transformation within an epidermoid cyst due to l...
Article
Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated
Medulloblastoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated tumors are malignant tumors of the central nervous system. They are the second most common medulloblastoma group, divided according to TP53 mutation status into TP53-wildtype and TP53-mutant that are distinct entities differing in their molecular, ...
Article
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST), the presence of thrombus in the cavernous sinus, is a rare condition, most commonly infectious in nature, and the diagnosis on imaging is not always straightforward. It has high mortality and morbidity rates.
Epidemiology
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is rare, wi...
Article
Spatial resolution (CT)
Spatial resolution in CT is the ability to differentiate two adjacent objects or structures as being distinct from each other.
A high spatial resolution is important for one to discriminate between structures that are located within close proximity to each other.
Factors affecting CT spatial ...
Article
Coccygeus muscle
The coccygeus muscle, also known as the ischiococcygeus muscle, is a remnant muscle of the pelvic floor.
Gross anatomy
The coccygeus is a paired muscle which is triangular in shape and overlies the sacrospinous ligament. The coccygeus lies parallel to the inferior border of the piriformis musc...
Article
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterized by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4).
Terminology
Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article
Autoimmune pancreatitis (diagnostic criteria)
There are several sets of diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), with some overlap and contradictions.
Several different sets of diagnostic criteria are in use 4.
Asian 2008 AIP diagnostic criteria
both criteria I to be fulfilled
one criterion II
consistent histology
The cr...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Left atrial appendage thrombus
Left atrial appendage thrombus is a site of intra-cardiac thrombus and refers to the presence of thrombus within the left atrial appendage.
The left atrial appendage is considered the main location of thrombus formation, predominantly in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Radiogra...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known by the names plasma cell myeloma and Kahler disease, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma ...
Article
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as absence of menses by 14 years of age in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics or absence of menses by 16 years of age regardless of the presence of normal growth and development including secondary sexual characteristics 1.
Pat...
Article
Cruciate ligament dysplasia
Cruciate ligament dysplasia is a rare condition involving hypoplasia or absence of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Epidemiology
The prevalence of cruciate ligament dysplasia is reported at 0.017 per 1000 live births 1,4.
Associations
The fol...
Article
Whipple procedure
The Whipple procedure (or partial pancreaticoduodenectomy) is considered the definitive surgical operation to resect carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, or duodenal carcinoma 1.
Procedure
In the procedure, the head of the pancreas and adjacent duodenum is resected. ...
Article
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompasses a number of entities, united by the presence of mucosal ulceration secondary to the effects of gastric acid. Since the recognition of Helicobacter pylori as a common causative agent and the development of powerful anti-acid medications, peptic ulcer disease...
Article
Diaphyseal tibiofibular synostosis
Diaphyseal tibiofibular synostosis (plural: synostoses) is a rare condition where there is a focal bony fusion between the tibial and fibular shafts 1,2.
Epidemiology
It is a rare condition that is reported in athletes, runners and basketball players 1.
Clinical presentation
Depending on t...
Article
Tissue weighting factor
The tissue weighting factor (WT) is a measure of relative contribution of an organ or tissue to the total health detriment due to stochastic effects resulting from a uniform irradiation of the entire body 1. It accounts for the variable sensitivity to ionizing radiation and size of a given organ...
Article
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most common bariatric surgeries, used to treat morbid obesity.
In this laparoscopic operation, the stomach is stapled or divided to form a small pouch (typically <30 mL in volume), which is anastomosed to the Roux limb (also known as the efferent or alim...
Article
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may be seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and when acute can be a life-threatening condition. It is a major cause of non-cirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombus may be either bland and/or malignant (i.e. tumor thrombus), and it is a cri...
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