Sublabral foramen
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At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Lam Van Le had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Lam Van Le's current disclosures- Sub-labral foramen
- Sublabral hole
A sublabral foramen is simply a focal detachment of the anterosuperior labrum from the underlying glenoid and constitutes a normal labral variant of no clinical significance 1-4.
On imaging, it might be confused with a SLAP lesion or an anterior labral tear 1.
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Gross anatomy
Sublabral foramina are located anterosuperiorly and can extend down to but usually not below the level of the 3 o'clock position 1,3. It provides a communication between the glenohumeral joint and the subscapularis recess 1 and might be associated with a superior sublabral recess 1,4.
Radiographic features
MRI / MRA
On MRI a sublabral foramen can be seen as a focal detachment anterosuperiorly between the 1- o’clock to 3-o’clock position up to one or rarely two axial sections below the midpoint at the level of the anterior glenoid notch 3.
Clinical importance
Sublabral foramina are fairly frequent findings on MRI and might be found in up to 10-20% of normal patients 1,5,6. It is different from the superior sublabral sulcus or recess which can be found more superiorly underneath the long head biceps tendon origin 4. It might be also confused with a type II SLAP lesion or an anterior labral tear 3. Unlike those two the sublabral foramen is characterised by smoother contours, lacks significant displacement (>2 mm) and does not extend posteriorly past the insertion of the long head of the biceps tendon 3.
References
- 1. Dunham K, Bencardino J, Rokito A. Anatomic Variants and Pitfalls of the Labrum, Glenoid Cartilage, and Glenohumeral Ligaments. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2012;20(2):213-28, x. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.014 - Pubmed
- 2. De Maeseneer M, Van Roy F, Lenchik L et al. CT and MR Arthrography of the Normal and Pathologic Anterosuperior Labrum and Labral-Bicipital Complex. Radiographics. 2000;20(suppl_1):S67-81. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc03s67 - Pubmed
- 3. Tuite MJ, Blankenbaker DG, Seifert M et-al. Sublabral foramen and buford complex: inferior extent of the unattached or absent labrum in 50 patients. Radiology. 2002;223 (1): 137-42. doi:10.1148/radiol.2231010896 - Pubmed citation
- 4. Marcon G & Macedo T. Artifacts and Pitfalls in Shoulder Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Radiol Bras. 2015;48(4):242-8. doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2013.0006 - Pubmed
- 5. Rao A, Kim T, Chronopoulos E, McFarland E. Anatomical Variants in the Anterosuperior Aspect of the Glenoid Labrum: A Statistical Analysis of Seventy-Three Cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(4):653-9. doi:10.2106/00004623-200304000-00011 - Pubmed
- 6. Ilahi O, Cosculluela P, Ho D. Classification of Anterosuperior Glenoid Labrum Variants and Their Association with Shoulder Pathology. Orthopedics. 2008;31(3):226. doi:10.3928/01477447-20080301-18 - Pubmed
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