White matter changes in HIV
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was changed:
White matter changes in HIV have overlapping appearances and varied in aetiology. These can be divided into:
- primary effects of HIV
- opportunistic infection
- neoplasms
- vascular disease
- metabolic and nutritional disorders
Primary effects of HIV
Opportunistic infection
- cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis (can also cause a ventriculitis)
- herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis
- other viral encephalitides
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML)
- toxoplasmosis encephalitis (can also cause abscesses)
- CNS cryptococcus infection
- mycobacterial infection
Neoplasms
Vascular disease
-
HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy 2
- appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes
- leucoclastic vasculitis of the
vasavasorumvasa vasorum identified - may affect large, medium and small vessels
- may respond to HAART
Metabolic and nutritional disorders
-
Wernicke encephalopathy
- high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter
-<a href="/articles/cerebral-toxoplasmosis-2">toxoplasmosis encephalitis</a> (can also cause abscesses)</li>-<li><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-1">CNS cryptococcus infection</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/cns-tuberculosis-1">mycobacterial infection</a></li>- +<a href="/articles/neurotoxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis encephalitis</a> (can also cause abscesses)</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/cns-cryptococcosis-2">CNS cryptococcus infection</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/tuberculosis-intracranial-manifestations">mycobacterial infection</a></li>
-<li>leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasavasorum identified</li>- +<li>leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified</li>