White matter changes in HIV
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
White matter changes in HIV have overlapping appearances and varied in aetiology. These can be divided into:
- primary effects of HIV
- opportunistic infection
- neoplasms
- vascular disease
- metabolic and nutritional disorders
Primary effects of HIV
Opportunistic infection
-
cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis (can also cause
aventriculitis) - herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis
- other viral encephalitides
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML)
- toxoplasmosis encephalitis (can also cause abscesses)
- CNS cryptococcus infection
- mycobacterial infection
Neoplasms
Vascular disease
-
HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy 2
- appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes
- leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified
- may affect large, medium and small vessels
- may respond to HAART
Metabolic and nutritional disorders
-
Wernicke encephalopathy
- high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter
-<a href="/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis">cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis</a> (can also cause a ventriculitis)</li>- +<a href="/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis">cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis</a> (can also cause ventriculitis)</li>