Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Subhepatic appendicitis
Subhepatic appendicitis refers to inflammation of the appendix in which the appendix and cecum have failed to descend inferiorly during normal development; resulting in a "subhepatic" position.
Epidemiology
Presentation of an inflamed subhepatic appendix is exceedingly uncommon, representing o...
Article
Malone antegrade continence enema procedure
A Malone antegrade continence enema is a surgical procedure where the vermiform appendix or ‘neoappendix’ is used to create a small stoma at the abdominal wall allowing antegrade enemas to be administered to empty the colon and rectum. This procedure is particularly important in children and ado...
Article
Lower extremity fractures
There are a vast range of lower extremity fractures. Below are listed several of such fractures of the lower limb. Many have eponyms.
Pelvis and femur
pelvic fractures
anterior inferior iliac spine avulsion injury
Duverney fracture
Malgaigne fracture
proximal femoral fractures
bisphosphon...
Article
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), mediated by the sympathetic chain (trunk) and ganglia, is a major division of the autonomic nervous system. It is composed of general visceral afferent and efferent axons that allow for involuntary control of bodily functions via the hypothalamus.
The over...
Article
Tapia syndrome
Tapia syndrome, also known as matador's disease, is a rare syndrome that is characterized by unilateral paralysis of the tongue and vocal cords. Although the syndrome typically occurs after anesthetic airway management or manipulation, it can very rarely be due to central causes 11. The syndrom...
Article
Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction is a common condition. Doppler ultrasound is a highly accurate means of assessing patients with erectile dysfunction.
Pathology
Psychological factors (mental impulse) cause the transmission of parasympathetic impulses to the penis. This causes relaxation of arterioles and...
Article
Post-TACE assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Post-TACE assessment of hepatocellular carcinomas is essential for evaluating the success of the therapy.
Hepatocellular carcinomas that are not amenable to definitive therapy with thermal ablation or resection can be treated with trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The end goal may be pa...
Article
Os triangulare
The os triangulare (also known as the os intermedium antebrachii or os triquetrum secundarium) is an accessory ossicle located between the ulnar styloid, lunate and triquetrum 1,2.
They may be unilateral or bilateral and the main differential diagnosis is non-union of an ulnar styloid process f...
Article
Putty kidney
A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification associated with renal tuberculosis conventionally described on plain radiography. The calcification can be large, round or oval, dense or very homogeneous and ground glass-like, representing calcified caseous tissue within dilated calyces...
Article
Autonephrectomy
Autonephrectomy refers to the end stage of renal tuberculosis where chronic tuberculous infection causes caseous necrosis and progressive renal cavitation, rendering the kidney non-functioning 1.
Epidemiology
It is a rare occurrence in non-endemic populations today but can be misdiagnosed if n...
Article
Brodie abscess
Brodie abscess is an intraosseous abscess related to a focus of subacute or chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis. Unfortunately, there is no reliable way to radiographically exclude a focus of osteomyelitis. It has a protean radiographic appearance and can occur at any location and in a patient of any...
Article
Arcade-like sign
The arcade-like sign refers to the typical features of perilobular fibrosis found in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia 1. It is likely the result of perilobular inflammation and shows itself in the form of an arcade or arched appearance of consolidation bands distributed around the structures sur...
Article
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus denotes an increase in the volume of CSF, causing the distension of cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly) due to insufficient passage of the CSF from its point of production in the ventricles into the systemic circulation, whether that be via resorption into the dural venous sinus...
Article
Neonatal encephalopathy
Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome referring to signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function in the first few days of life in a neonate born at or beyond 35 weeks of gestation. It is described as decreased level of consciousness, difficulty with initiating and maintaining re...
Article
Enteritis
Enteritis (plural: enteritides) refers to inflammation of the small bowel. When associated with inflammation of the stomach, the term gastroenteritis is used which is usually caused by infection.
Pathology
Etiology
infection
infective enteritis
eosinophilic enteritis
ischemia
inflammatory...
Article
Scaphoid abdomen
Scaphoid abdomen is the term given to an inward concavity of the anterior abdominal wall. It is used both for the clinical appearance and its radiological equivalent.
In children it maybe a sign of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In both adult and pediatric patients, it raises the possibility...
Article
RANZCR examinations
The RANZCR examinations are set by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR), and are undertaken within Phases 1 and 2 of the RANZCR Clinical Radiology Training Program.
RANZCR Phase 1 examinations
typically attempted early in the first year of training
consists of...
Article
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures
Meyers and McKeever classification is used to categorize ACL avulsion fractures.
Usage
The Meyers and McKeever classification is the most frequently used system (c. 2024) to describe ACL avulsion fractures 2.
Classification
Under the Meyers and McKeever system (with modifications by Zariczny...
Article
Periportal halo (CT/US)
Periportal halo or periportal collar sign refers to a zone of low attenuation seen around the intrahepatic portal veins on contrast-enhanced CT or hypoechogenicity on liver ultrasound. It likely represents periportal edema, which is often used as a synonymous term. Periportal haloes may occur ar...
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...