Articles

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More than 200 results
Article

Subhepatic appendicitis

Subhepatic appendicitis refers to inflammation of the appendix in which the appendix and cecum have failed to descend inferiorly during normal development; resulting in a "subhepatic" position. Epidemiology Presentation of an inflamed subhepatic appendix is exceedingly uncommon, representing o...
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Malone antegrade continence enema procedure

A Malone antegrade continence enema is a surgical procedure where the vermiform appendix or ‘neoappendix’ is used to create a small stoma at the abdominal wall allowing antegrade enemas to be administered to empty the colon and rectum. This procedure is particularly important in children and ado...
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Lower extremity fractures

There are a vast range of lower extremity fractures. Below are listed several of such fractures of the lower limb. Many have eponyms. Pelvis and femur pelvic fractures anterior inferior iliac spine avulsion injury Duverney fracture Malgaigne fracture proximal femoral fractures bisphosphon...
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Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), mediated by the sympathetic chain (trunk) and ganglia, is a major division of the autonomic nervous system. It is composed of general visceral afferent and efferent axons that allow for involuntary control of bodily functions via the hypothalamus.  The over...
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Tapia syndrome

Tapia syndrome, also known as matador's disease, is a rare syndrome that is characterized by unilateral paralysis of the tongue and vocal cords. Although the syndrome typically occurs after anesthetic airway management or manipulation, it can very rarely be due to central causes 11.  The syndrom...
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Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction is a common condition. Doppler ultrasound is a highly accurate means of assessing patients with erectile dysfunction.  Pathology Psychological factors (mental impulse) cause the transmission of parasympathetic impulses to the penis. This causes relaxation of arterioles and...
Article

Post-TACE assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Post-TACE assessment of hepatocellular carcinomas is essential for evaluating the success of the therapy.  Hepatocellular carcinomas that are not amenable to definitive therapy with thermal ablation or resection can be treated with trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The end goal may be pa...
Article

Os triangulare

The os triangulare (also known as the os intermedium antebrachii or os triquetrum secundarium) is an accessory ossicle located between the ulnar styloid, lunate and triquetrum 1,2. They may be unilateral or bilateral and the main differential diagnosis is non-union of an ulnar styloid process f...
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Putty kidney

A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification associated with renal tuberculosis conventionally described on plain radiography. The calcification can be large, round or oval, dense or very homogeneous and ground glass-like, representing calcified caseous tissue within dilated calyces...
Article

Autonephrectomy

Autonephrectomy refers to the end stage of renal tuberculosis where chronic tuberculous infection causes caseous necrosis and progressive renal cavitation, rendering the kidney non-functioning 1. Epidemiology It is a rare occurrence in non-endemic populations today but can be misdiagnosed if n...
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Brodie abscess

Brodie abscess is an intraosseous abscess related to a focus of subacute or chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis. Unfortunately, there is no reliable way to radiographically exclude a focus of osteomyelitis. It has a protean radiographic appearance and can occur at any location and in a patient of any...
Article

Arcade-like sign

The arcade-like sign refers to the typical features of perilobular fibrosis found in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia 1. It is likely the result of perilobular inflammation and shows itself in the form of an arcade or arched appearance of consolidation bands distributed around the structures sur...
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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus denotes an increase in the volume of CSF, causing the distension of cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly) due to insufficient passage of the CSF from its point of production in the ventricles into the systemic circulation, whether that be via resorption into the dural venous sinus...
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Neonatal encephalopathy

Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome referring to signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function in the first few days of life in a neonate born at or beyond 35 weeks of gestation. It is described as decreased level of consciousness,  difficulty with initiating and maintaining re...
Article

Enteritis

Enteritis (plural: enteritides) refers to inflammation of the small bowel. When associated with inflammation of the stomach, the term gastroenteritis is used which is usually caused by infection. Pathology Etiology infection infective enteritis eosinophilic enteritis ischemia inflammatory...
Article

Scaphoid abdomen

Scaphoid abdomen is the term given to an inward concavity of the anterior abdominal wall. It is used both for the clinical appearance and its radiological equivalent.  In children it maybe a sign of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In both adult and pediatric patients, it raises the possibility...
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RANZCR examinations

The RANZCR examinations are set by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR), and are undertaken within Phases 1 and 2 of the RANZCR Clinical Radiology Training Program. RANZCR Phase 1 examinations typically attempted early in the first year of training consists of...
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Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures

Meyers and McKeever classification is used to categorize ACL avulsion fractures. Usage The Meyers and McKeever classification is the most frequently used system (c. 2024) to describe ACL avulsion fractures 2. Classification Under the Meyers and McKeever system (with modifications by Zariczny...
Article

Periportal halo (CT/US)

Periportal halo or periportal collar sign refers to a zone of low attenuation seen around the intrahepatic portal veins on contrast-enhanced CT or hypoechogenicity on liver ultrasound. It likely represents periportal edema, which is often used as a synonymous term. Periportal haloes may occur ar...
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Skeletal survey (overview)

The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol. There are various clinical indications that may wa...
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