Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as absence of menses by 14 years of age in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics or absence of menses by 16 years of age regardless of the presence of normal growth and development including secondary sexual characteristics 1.
Pat...
Article
Lissencephaly-pachygyria spectrum
Lissencephaly-pachygyria spectrum describes the spectrum of diseases that cause relative smoothness of the brain surface, and includes 1:
agyria: no gyri
pachygyria: broad gyri
lissencephaly: smooth brain surface
It is a basket term for a number of congenital cortical malformations character...
Article
Muscle hernia
Muscle hernias, also known as myofascial defects, are most commonly found in the lower extremities.
Clinical presentation
Muscle hernias are typically asymptomatic, although can cause cramping sensations or pain, with or after activity. They may also present as a palpable mass, and be referred...
Article
Normal kidney size (children)
The normal size of kidneys in children follows a growth curve and is closely related to the age and size of the child. Ethnic differences have also been shown, which may be an important consideration when interpreting measurements against a reference range 4.
In infants median (normal range bet...
Article
Neuroglial cyst
Neuroglial cysts (also known as glioependymal cysts and neuroepithelial cysts) are rare, benign epithelial-lined cystic lesions that can potentially occur anywhere in the neuraxis. On imaging, they are characterized as CSF-like parenchymal cysts with smooth, rounded borders and minimal-to-no sur...
Article
Uterine dehiscence
Uterine dehiscence is usually used to refer to the process of gradual myometrial rupture without a rupture of membranes. However, the term is used synonymously with uterine rupture by some authors. It is often described in the context of a cesarean section scar where it is also termed an incisio...
Article
Transverse myelitis
Transverse myelitis, also known as acute transverse myelitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting both halves (ventral and dorsal) of the spinal cord and associated with rapidly progressive motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction.
MRI is the most useful imaging modality, which generally sh...
Article
Sacroiliac joint
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a synovial joint between ilium and the sacrum. It has little movement and its main function is to transfer weight between the axial and lower appendicular skeletons. The sacroiliac joint is a symmetrical joint (i.e. is paired) with an oblique coronal orientation and...
Article
Cerebral cavernous venous malformation
Cerebral cavernous venous malformations, also commonly known as cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas, are common cerebral vascular malformations, usually with characteristic appearances on MRI. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation after developmental venous anomaly and capil...
Article
Ovarian cystadenofibroma
Ovarian cystadenofibromas are a relatively uncommon benign epithelial ovarian tumor where the fibrous stroma remains a dominant component of the neoplasm. As a group, they are thought to represent ~1.7 % of all benign ovarian tumors 3.
Pathology
Lesions can be bilateral in ~15% of cases. Altho...
Article
Internal capsule
The internal capsule (TA: capsula interna) is a deep subcortical structure that contains a concentration of afferent and efferent white matter projection fibers. Anatomically, this is an important area because of the high concentration of both motor and sensory projection fibers 1,2. Afferent fi...
Article
Anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion
An anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesion is similar to a Bankart lesion, in that it too is usually due to anterior shoulder dislocation and involves the anterior inferior labrum.
Epidemiology
It is often the result of chronic injury rather than acute dislocation;...
Article
Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a fluoroscopic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, most commonly used in the investigation of infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Indications
infertility: to assess uterine morphology and tubal patency
Contraindications
pregnancy
act...
Article
Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome
Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, is a rare anomaly characterized by Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA) associated with mesonephric duct anomalies 3. This entity is also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA). It is not to be confused with the Wunderlich syndrom...
Article
Hepatic vascular and perfusion disorders
Hepatic vascular and perfusion disorders are a broad group of conditions that radiologists should be familiar with, as some of them are quite frequently seen in the daily practice. The aim of this article is to be a collection of articles that represent the core knowledge in the matter.
Patholo...
Article
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal agents.
Epidemiology
The frequency of individual infective agents as causes of liver abscesses are intimately linked to the demographics of the affe...
Article
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest or trichterbrust 13, is a congenital chest wall deformity characterized by concave depression of the sternum, resulting in cosmetic and radiographic alterations.
Epidemiology
It is the most common chest wall deformity, accounting for approximately 9...
Article
Spinal vascular malformations
Spinal vascular malformations are a rare but important group of lesions that range widely in size, flow, and pathophysiology. Some, if undiagnosed and untreated, can lead to serious complications.
Although numerous classification systems exist, from the point of view of routine clinical practic...
Article
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are the most common type of spinal vascular malformation, accounting for ~70% of all such lesions.
This article specifically relates to spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. For a discussion of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas refer to the mai...
Article
Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy
Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy requires a considered imaging approach due to the increased risks of fetal demise associated with undiagnosed diseases such as perforated acute appendicitis. Ultrasound is the first-line modality due to its wide availability and ability to diagnose...
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