Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Radical cystectomy
A radical cystectomy is a surgical treatment in patients most commonly indicated for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Indications
muscle-invasive bladder cancer 8
non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to local treatment (e.g. BCG therapy) 2,8
neurogenic or nonfunctioning bladder in...
Article
Susac syndrome
Susac syndrome, also known as retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy or SICRET syndrome (small infarctions of cochlear, retinal and encephalic tissue), is a rare syndrome typically affecting young to middle-aged women that is clinically characterized by the triad of acute or subacute encephalopathy,...
Article
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) most commonly occurs in the lower limbs; however, it is not uncommon in the upper limb and neck deep veins. Other types of venous thrombosis, such as intra-abdominal and intracranial, are discussed in separate articles.
Terminology
The term indeterminate (equivocal) ...
Article
Cerebral cavernous venous malformation
Cerebral cavernous venous malformations, also commonly known as cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas, are common cerebral vascular malformations, usually with characteristic appearances on MRI. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation after developmental venous anomaly and capil...
Article
Meniscal degeneration
Meniscal degeneration is a process that often occurs due to gradual wear and is commonly associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis. It may or may not be associated with a chronic tear.
See also
meniscal tear
meniscal fraying
Article
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a collection of syndromes characterized by the presence of, as the name would suggest, multiple neuroendocrine tumors. They are autosomal dominant in inheritance.
MEN1 (Wermer syndrome)
MEN2 (multiple endocrine adenomatosis)
MEN2a (Sipple syndr...
Article
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia, or anterolateral bowing of the tibia with congenital dysplasia, describes abnormal bowing that can progress to a segment of bone loss simulating the appearance of a joint. The condition is usually apparent shortly after birth and rarely diagnosed after ag...
Article
Crawford classification of thoracoabdominal aneurysms
The Crawford classification system is used to classify thoracoabdominal aneurysms and has important therapeutic implications. Precise classification of anatomical features allows accurate risk stratification and appropriate operative planning 1,2.
Classification
The system divides thoracoabdo...
Article
Tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal (TP) trunk, occasionally referred to as the tibiofibular trunk, is the direct continuation of the popliteal artery in the posterior upper leg after the origin of the anterior tibial artery. It is a short trunk that bifurcates into two terminal branches.
Terminology
Although ...
Article
Tennis leg
Tennis leg represents a myofascial or tendinous injury of the lower limb and, not surprisingly, is seen most frequently in tennis players.
Epidemiology
Although classically seen in people who play tennis, it can also be induced by playing squash, skiing, and athletics. Therefore, it typically ...
Article
Pseudosacculation
Pseudosacculations (also known as pseudodiverticula) are outpouchings of normal bowel wall along the antimesenteric border. Inflammation and fibrosis along the mesenteric border of the bowel loop causes asymmetric shortening of the mesenteric wall and subsequent pseudosacculations of the normal ...
Article
Bipartite patella
A bipartite patella (two-part patella) is a patella with an unfused accessory ossification center, typically at the superolateral aspect.
Epidemiology
The superolateral accessory ossification center of the patella is usually present by 12 years of age and may persist into adult life. Bipartite...
Article
Isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis
Isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis is relatively common and poses a clinical dilemma about the required treatment. They occur in the intra-muscular soleal and gastrocnemius veins, and are differentiated from other distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the peroneal, anterior tibial, and/or poste...
Article
Bone tumors (overview)
The term bone tumor can be applied to a bewildering number of entities including primary and metastatic neoplasms as well as a variety of metabolic, developmental, lymphoid, reactive and tumor-like lesions that affect bone1-4. Hence, there are a wide variety of radiological appearances.
A syste...
Article
Superior peroneal retinaculum injuries
Superior peroneal retinaculum injuries refer to a spectrum of acute and chronic injuries to the superior peroneal retinaculum at the ankle. They are one of the causes of lateral ankle pain and instability.
Clinical presentation
Acutely, superior peroneal retinaculum injuries can present simil...
Article
Snapping biceps femoris tendon
Snapping biceps femoris tendon or snapping biceps femoris syndrome is an infrequent pathology where the distal biceps tendon dislocates over the fibular head and relocates painfully.
Epidemiology
Snapping biceps femoris tendon is considered an uncommon entity 1-4.
Associations
It has been as...
Article
Kaplan fibers of iliotibial band
Kaplan fibers are distinct fibrous connections between the iliotibial band and the distal femoral metaphysis.
Gross anatomy
Kaplan fibers are divided into two distinct structures 1:
proximal Kaplan fibers
distal Kaplan fibers
The proximal and distal Kaplan fibers originate from the undersur...
Article
Malignant pleural disease
Malignant pleural disease usually heralds a poor prognosis, whether it represents a primary pleural malignancy or metastatic disease.
Epidemiology
The incidence of malignant pleural effusion is approximately 150,000 per annum in the USA and 50,000 per annum in the UK and affects ~20% of cance...
Article
Situs solitus
Situs solitus (rare plural: sitūs soliti) refers to the normal position of the thoracic and abdominal organs. This will include a left-sided heart, also known as levocardia.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
On plain radiographs, careful attention should be directed at the location of th...
Article
Lung surgery
Lung (or pulmonary) surgery is most frequently performed for lung cancer and encompasses a broad spectrum of procedures:
sublobar resection
wedge resection
segmentectomy
lobectomy: commonest surgery for lung cancer
includes sleeve lobectomy and bi-lobectomy
pneumonectomy
Technique
Approa...
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