Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
T1 black holes
T1 black holes are hypointense lesions commonly seen on T1WI (Spinecho or TurboSpinecho, not T1 3D ref) in patients with multiple sclerosis and indicates the chronic stage with white matter destruction, axonal loss and irreversible clinical outcome.
Article
Left heart failure
Left heart failure or left ventricular failure is the type of heart failure attributed to left ventricular dysfunction. When the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively out of the heart, pulmonary edema develops. Congestion can progress to right heart failure, with manifestations such...
Article
Perianal fistula protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for the assessment of perianal fistulas is a group of MRI sequences put together to assess the extension and anatomic relationships of inflammatory fistulas to the anal sphincters, helping to plan surgical management and monitor treatment response.
NB: This article is intended to ...
Article
Viking helmet appearance
The Viking helmet appearance refers to the morphology of the lateral ventricles in the coronal plane in patients with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. The cingulate gyrus is everted into narrowed and elongated frontal horns.
An alternative name is moose head appearance. Other names include st...
Article
Moose head appearance
The moose head appearance refers to the lateral ventricles in coronal projection in patients with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. The cingulate gyrus is everted into narrowed and elongated frontal horns.
An alternative name is the viking helmet sign. Other names include steer-horn, Texas lon...
Article
Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum
Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum may be complete (agenesis) or partial (dysgenesis) and represents an in utero developmental anomaly. It can be divided into:
primary agenesis: corpus callosum never forms
secondary dysgenesis: corpus callosum forms normally and is subsequently destroyed
Epide...
Article
Renal transplant torsion
Renal transplant torsion is a very rare complication of renal transplant, occurring mostly in intraperitoneal transplants because of the increased mobility compared to extraperitoneal transplants, which are less mobile.
Clinical presentation
Non-specific clinical symptoms such as nausea, abdo...
Article
Stroke protocol (CT)
A CT stroke protocol, often referred to as a code stroke CT, has become a fairly widespread and standardized approach to imaging patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms that may represent cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage (together grouped under the vague term stroke).
In...
Article
Occipital sinus
The occipital sinus is one of the smallest dural venous sinuses and lies, as its name suggests, on the inner surface of the occipital bone. Tributaries from the marginal sinus of the foramen magnum, some of which connect with both the sigmoid sinus and vertebral venous plexus, coalesce to pass i...
Article
Gastroschisis
Gastroschisis refers to an extra-abdominal herniation (evisceration) of fetal or neonatal bowel loops (and occasionally portions of the stomach, liver, and/or bladder12) into the amniotic cavity through a para-umbilical anterior abdominal wall defect.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is ar...
Article
Fat halo sign (inflammatory bowel disease)
The fat halo sign (in colonic imaging) refers to a feature seen on CT abdominal scans, and represents infiltration of the submucosa with fat, between the muscularis propria and the mucosa. It is characterized by an inner (mucosa) and outer (muscularis propria and serosa) ring of enhancing bowel ...
Article
Zoonosis
A zoonosis (plural: zoonoses), also known as a zoonotic disease, is an infectious disease in humans (the host) for which another vertebrate animal can be the vector. Some zoonoses have an additional vector besides the vertebrate e.g. R. rickettsii is carried by ticks on mammals. Viruses, bacteri...
Article
Q fever pneumonia
Q fever pneumonia refers to pulmonary infection with the organism Coxiella burnetii. It is sometimes classified as an atypical pneumonia. It can occur as either sporadic or outbreak cases.
Clinical presentation
The clinical picture is often dominated by fever, headaches and myalgias 5. A cough...
Article
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a non-malignant but often fatal disorder of immune dysregulation affecting multiple organs. It is also known as macrophage activation syndrome when occurring in the setting of a rheumatologic disorder.
Epidemiology
It typically affects infants and yo...
Article
Hepatic artery aneurysm
Hepatic artery aneurysms are a type of visceral arterial aneurysm.
Epidemiology
They are rare representing ~1% (range 0.01-2%) of all arterial aneurysms but are considered the second most common aneurysm of the splanchnic system after splenic artery aneurysms. They may account for 20% of all v...
Article
Ileocecal tuberculosis
Ileocecal tuberculosis is the most common site of gastrointestinal tuberculosis, which in turn is the third most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Pathology
Three morphological types of ileocecal tuberculosis are known:
ulcerative
hypertrophic
ulcerohypertrophic
Radiographic fe...
Article
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome refers to symptomatic compression or occlusion of the popliteal artery due to a developmentally abnormal positioning of the popliteal artery in relation to its surrounding structures such as with the medial head of gastrocnemius or less commonly with popliteu...
Article
Cystic adventitial disease
Cystic adventitial disease is an uncommon vascular pathology predominantly affecting peripheral vessels. The vast majority of cases occur in arteries, with venous involvement being an extremely rare occurrence 8.
Epidemiology
It typically affects young to middle-aged individuals without eviden...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as hepatoma, is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is strongly associated with cirrhosis, secondary to both alcohol and viral etiologies. Hepatocellular carcinomas constitute approximately 5% of all cancers partly due to the high endemi...
Article
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome is a multisystem connective tissue disease caused by a defect in the protein fibrillin 1, encoded by the FBN1 gene. Cardiovascular involvement with aortic root dilatation and dissection is the most feared complication of the disease.
Epidemiology
The estimated prevalence is aro...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.