Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome comprises two related conditions, both due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency most commonly encountered in people with alcohol use disorder. Wernicke encephalopathy is the acute form, which classically presents with a triad of acute confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmopl...
Article
Ileal atresia
Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis or complete absence of a portion of the ileum. There is an increased incidence in those with chromosomal abnormalities.
This article will focus on ileal atresia alone but bear in mind that some cases correspond to jej...
Article
Angiography catheter (overview)
Angiography catheters are thin, flexible tubes used in various diagnostic and therapeutic angiographic procedures.
Indications
Angiography catheters are used in a wide range of interventional procedures 1:
vascular access, e.g. for fluid and drug administration, blood sample aspiration
diagn...
Article
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis (plural: hydronephroses) is defined as dilatation of the urinary collecting system of the kidney (the calyces, the infundibula, and the pelvis) 1.
Hydronephrosis in fetuses and newborns has specific causes that are covered in a separate article.
Terminology
The term hydroureter...
Article
Intracranial aneurysm (overview)
Intracranial aneurysms, also called cerebral aneurysms, are aneurysms of the intracranial arteries. The most common morphologic type is the saccular aneurysm, although a number of other morphologies and etiologies occur.
Due to a combination of thinner/weaker walls and Laplace's law, aneurysms...
Article
LaPlace's law
LaPlace's law is important in understanding the behavior of dilated tubular structures, such as the bowel (e.g. diverticula) or vessels (e.g. aortic aneurysms, intracranial aneurysms).
It establishes the relationship between wall tension and the radius of the structure.
wall tension = intralu...
Article
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome, also known as hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO), refers to the clinical picture that occurs when there is partial or complete obstruction of the hepatic veins.
There is no clear consensus regarding the number of occluded veins, some authors claim that there should...
Article
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy, also known as acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy or portosystemic encephalopathy, refers to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities occurring in patients with liver dysfunction and portal hypertension. It results from exposure of the brain to excessive amounts of am...
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Tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal or TP trunk, occasionally referred to as the tibiofibular trunk, is the direct continuation of the popliteal artery in the posterior upper leg after the anterior tibial artery origin. It is a short trunk that bifurcates into two terminal branches.
Terminology
Although tibiop...
Article
Lipiodol
Lipiodol (also known as ethiodized oil) is an oil-based iodinated contrast medium that was historically used for myelography and hysterosalpingography 1. It was later superseded by newer, less hazardous, agents, and now is used primarily as a therapeutic agent. Guerbet was previously the sole ma...
Article
Peritonsillar abscess
Peritonsillar abscess or quinsy is the most common deep neck infection, almost always secondary to acute or recurrent tonsillitis.
Epidemiology
Peritonsillar abscesses are most common in 20-40 year-olds with a predominance for males and for smokers. It is less common in children but immunosupp...
Article
DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that encodes the genetic information (genome) necessary for RNA (ribonucleic acid) transcription (transcriptome) and protein synthesis (proteome) 1. It is contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells in the form of chromatin or chromosomes 7,8. Human...
Article
Dermolipoma
Dermolipomas are fat-containing epibulbar mass lesions of the lateral canthal area beneath the temporal or superotemporal bulbar conjunctivae. This should be differentiated from subconjunctival fat prolapse as they have different radiological features and treatment stratagies 4.
Epidemiology
...
Article
String sign (bowel)
The gastrointestinal string sign, also known as the string sign of Kantor, refers to the string-like appearance of a contrast-filled bowel loop caused by its severe narrowing.
Originally used to describe the reversible narrowing caused by spasms in Crohn disease, it is now used for any severe n...
Article
Metastases to the breast
Metastases to the breast from non-mammary primary tumors are uncommon and account for 0.5-2.0% of all breast malignancies.
Clinical presentation
Metastases do not tend to cause retraction of the skin or nipple. Metastatic lesions are much more likely to be multiple or bilateral than primary c...
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, the most common phakomatosis, and a RASopathy. Additionally, it is also one of the most common inherited CNS disorders, autosomal dominant disorders, and inherited tumor syndromes....
Article
Solitary pulmonary nodule
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is defined as a relatively well-defined round or oval pulmonary parenchymal lesion equal to or smaller than 30 mm in diameter. It is surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma and/or visceral pleura and is not associated with lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, or pneumonia 9.
...
Article
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a disease of unknown etiology characterized on imaging by multifocal ground glass opacifications and/or consolidation. A wide variety of infectious as well as noninfectious causes may result in a similar histologic pattern.
Terminology
Organizing pneum...
Article
MIBG
MIBG scan is a scintigraphic study that uses metaiodobenzylguanidine, norepinephrine analog 9, labeled to iodine-123 or iodine-131. It is indicated in the investigation of pheochromocytoma. I-131 MIBG, also called I-131 iobenguane, is a theranostic agent used to treat unresectable MIBG-positive ...
Article
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease is characterized by the development of numerous benign and malignant tumors in different organs (at least 40 types 1) due to mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3.
Epidemiology
The disease is rare with an estimated prevalence of 1:35,000-50,...
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