Articles

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More than 200 results
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Ranula

Ranulas are rare, benign, acquired, cystic lesions that occur at the floor of the mouth as sublingual or minor salivary gland retention cysts.  Epidemiology For reasons that are unclear, they appear to be more common in Māori, and in Pacific Island Polynesians 7. Clinical presentation Ranula...
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Medical abbreviations and acronyms (I)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter I and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Epiploic appendagitis

Epiploic appendagitis is a rare self-limiting ischemic/inflammatory process that affects the appendices epiploicae of the colon and may either be primary or secondary to adjacent pathology. This article pertains to primary (spontaneous) epiploic appendagitis. The term, along with omental infarct...
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Hepatic abscess

Hepatic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal agents.  Epidemiology The frequency of individual infective agents as causes of liver abscesses are intimately linked to the demographics of the affe...
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Prostate MRI (an approach)

Prostate MRI has become an increasingly frequent examination faced in daily radiological practice and is mainly conducted for the detection, active surveillance and staging of prostate cancer. This approach is an example of how to create a radiological report of a prostate MRI (usually mpMRI) wi...
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Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome

Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome is a rare neuro-ophthalmological autosomal recessive condition due to mutation in the LAMA1 gene. This gene is important in the development of blood vessels and certain organs, including the cerebellum and retina 1. Clinical presentation Poretti-Boltshauser syndrom...
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Acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis. Terminology Acute appendicitis (p...
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Vigabatrin-associated toxicity

Vigabatrin-associated toxicity is a potential neurological complication in patients treated with vigabatrin, an antiseizure medication whose mechanism of action includes inhibition of GABA metabolism. It is primarily used as a treatment of focal seizures and infantile spasm disorders (e.g. tuber...
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Classification system for malformations of the cerebellum

Classification systems for malformations of the cerebellum are varied and are constantly being revised as a greater understanding of the underlying genetics and embryology of the disorders is uncovered. Classification A classification proposed by Barkovich et al. in 2009 1 divides cerebellar m...
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Adrenal myelolipoma

Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign and usually asymptomatic tumors of the adrenal gland characterized by the predominance of mature adipocytes.  On imaging, they usually present as large masses with a variable amount of fat-containing components. Epidemiology Myelolipomas are rare tumors o...
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Acute tubular necrosis

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a common type of acute kidney injury, particularly in hospitalized patients.  Pathology Acute tubular necrosis is characterized by renal tubular cell damage and death and is usually caused by ischemic or nephrotoxic insults. Deposition of cellular debris within ...
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Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis (plural: acute pyelonephritides) is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma most commonly seen in young women. It remains common and continues to have significant morbidity in certain groups of patients. Epidemiology The incidence of acute pyelonephritis p...
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity. Epidemiology Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
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Small bowel lymphoma

Small bowel lymphoma is one of the most common small bowel malignancies, accounting for ~25% of all primary small bowel malignancies, and ~40% of all primary gastrointestinal lymphomas. Epidemiology Small bowel lymphoma is most commonly secondary extranodal involvement in widespread systemic l...
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Jejunoileal fold pattern reversal

Jejunoileal fold pattern reversal (a.k.a. jejunization of the ileum) is one of the signs of celiac disease, and is seen on small bowel follow-through studies, CT and MRI 1-4. The pattern is one of increased number of ileal folds and reduced number of jejunal folds 1,2, and is considered positive...
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Celiac disease

Celiac disease, also known as non-tropical sprue, is the most common gluten-related disorder and is a T-cell mediated autoimmune chronic gluten intolerance condition characterized by a loss of villi in the proximal small bowel and gastrointestinal malabsorption (sprue). It should always be cons...
Article

Medical abbreviations and acronyms (B)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter B and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Epidemiology Associations Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is sometimes associated with immunodeficiency, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pathology Classification In the 2016 WHO cla...
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Shortening of the fourth/fifth metacarpals

Shortening of the fourth/fifth metacarpals (brachymetacarpia) and less commonly metatarsals (brachymetatarsia) is seen in a variety of apparently disparate conditions.  Pathology Etiology Common causes 2: idiopathic post-infective (e.g. osteomyelitis, yaws, tuberculosis dactylitis) pseudoh...
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Periosteum

The periosteum is a thin, layered connective tissue membrane that invests the bones of the skeleton with the exception of intra-articular bone and sesamoid bones. It is thickest in early life when it actively contributes to appositional bone growth by means of osteoblasts in the deep layer. It p...
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