Supernumerary kidney
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Avni K P Skandhan had no recorded disclosures.
View Avni K P Skandhan's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Fabio Macori had no recorded disclosures.
View Fabio Macori's current disclosures- Supernumerary kidney
- Accessory kidney
- Supernumerary kidneys
- Accessory kidneys
Supernumerary kidneys, also known as accessory kidneys, are a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system, where there are one or two additional kidneys.
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Epidemiology
Less than 100 cases have been documented in the medical literature.
Associations
Many conditions have been found to be associated with supernumerary kidneys including:
- urogenital
- others
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic. If present, symptoms may encompass fever, pain and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are mostly due to related renal pathologies such as hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, malignant tumors or calculi.
Radiographic features
Most of the supernumerary kidneys are on the left and usually caudal to the native kidney. Mostly the accessory kidney is smaller in size with reduced excretion. The evaluation may be done by ultrasound, IVU, CT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies like DMSA and DTPA scans. Ultrasound is useful in morphological characterization whilst the rest may aid in the functional assessment too.
Treatment and prognosis
Management is symptom-based. For asymptomatic patients, regular ultrasound follow-ups and USG with excretory function assessment is suggested if the patient is symptomatic.
Differential diagnosis
References
- 1. Luciano A. Favorito, Ana Raquel M. Morais. Evaluation of supernumerary kidney with fusion using magnetic resonance image. IBJU Vol. 38 (3): 428-429; May - June, 2012 [PMID: 22765860 ]
- 2. Kusuma V, Hemalata M, Suguna BV. Ectopic supernumerary kidney presenting as inguinal hernia. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005;58 (4): 446. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 3. Conrad GR, Loes DJ, Franken EA. General case of the day. Ectopic supernumerary kidney. Radiographics. 1988;7 (4): 815-7. Pubmed citation
- 4. Carson WJ. Supernumerary Kidney. (1934) Annals of surgery. 99 (5): 796-8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193405000-00006 - Pubmed
- 5. Stevens WE. KIDNEY ANOMALIES: REPORT OF A CASE OF BILATERAL FUSION OF A SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY. Cal West Med. 2008;23 (3): 294-8. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 6. Oto A, Kerimoğlu U, Eskiçorapçi S et-al. Bilateral supernumerary kidney: imaging findings. JBR-BTR. 2003;85 (6): 300-3. Pubmed citation
- 7. Mustafa M. Bilateral supernumerary kidneys in conjunction with horseshoe anomaly. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013;23 (6): 1243-5. Pubmed citation
- 8. Mills WM. A Case of Supernumerary Kidney. (1912) Journal of anatomy and physiology. 46 (Pt 3): 313-8. Pubmed
- 9. Cobb F, Giddings HG. VII. Supernumerary Kidney Subject of Cystadenoma: Report of a Case Verified by Operation. (1911) Annals of surgery. 53 (3): 367-72. doi:10.1097/00000658-191103000-00007 - Pubmed
- 10. Afrouzian M, Sonstein J, Dadfarnia T, Sreshta J, Hawkins H. Four Miniature Kidneys: Supernumerary Kidney and Multiple Organ System Anomalies. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(5):1100-4. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.11.015
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