The transcriptome refers to the set of all transcribed RNA, including the messenger RNA (mRNA), which is eventually is translated into proteins, as well as non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), microRNA, etc.).
Unlike the genome, which is fixed (barring sporadic mutations), the transcriptome is dynamic, depending on the cell differentiation, physiological conditions, and developmental stage 1. As such it offers an insight into the molecular changes present in various diseases and allows for novel molecular-based classification of pathology.
The transcriptome can be investigated with a variety of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, most commonly using RNA-sequencing 1. This is referred to as transcriptome profiling.
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