Tuberculous arthritis - knee

Case contributed by Abdallah Alqudah
Diagnosis almost certain

Presentation

Admitted due to left knee pain swelling and pus discharge from arthroscopy skin incision.

Patient Data

Age: 20 years
Gender: Female
x-ray
Frontal
Lateral
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Info

Initial Frontal and Lateral X-rays show soft tissue swelling with minimal bony destruction at the level of the knee joint.

mri
This study is a stack
Axial
T2
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Axial T2
fat sat
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Axial
T1
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Axial T1
C+ fat sat
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Coronal T2
fat sat
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Coronal T1
C+ fat sat
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Sagittal T1
C+ fat sat
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Coronal
T1
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Info

Large lobulated homogenously and vividly enhancing high T2 and low T1 lesion (measuring about 7.8 x 9.0 x 6.2 cm) arising from the thickened left knee synovium extending superiorly, wrapping around the anterior part of the distal femur bone and inferiorly around the proximal tibia. This stretches the joint ligaments and encases the neurovascular bundle. There is bone invasion and cortical breach at the level of the knee joint with enhancement suggestive of osteomyelitis.

Surrounded by multifocal loculated peripherally enhancing collections, one opening anterolaterally into the skin by sinus. The largest pocket measures 5.7 x 2.8 cm.

Case Discussion

This patient lives in a TB endemic region had recurrent visits to the ER over the last 6 months complaining of mild knee pain. 

Excisional biopsy with bone, skin and soft tissue specimens were negative for malignancy and showed caseating granulomatous inflammation highly suggestive of TB.

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