Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Morgan M, Jones J, Bell D, et al. 4D syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 06 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-41230
4D syndrome is a term used to describe a manifestation of syndromic glucagonoma, a type of pancreatic endocrine tumor.
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D: dermatitis 2
- necrolytic migratory erythema - a widespread rash, tending to involve perioral and perigenital regions
- oral rashes (angular stomatitis, cheilitis)
- tend to resolve upon removal of the tumor
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D: mild diabetes mellitus
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D: deep vein thrombosis
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D: depression - may be related to severe chronic dermatosis 2
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1. Lewis R, Lattin G, Paal E. Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Radiologic-Clinicopathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics. 2010;30(6):1445-1464. doi:10.1148/rg.306105523
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2. Feingold K, Anawalt B, Boyce A et al. Glucagonoma Syndrome. 2000. PMID 25905270
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