Fracture malunion

Last revised by Sonam Vadera on 3 Jan 2025

Fracture malunion occurs when a fracture heals in a non-anatomical position, which can result in functional impairment and/or a poor aesthetic. If fracture malunions are asymptomatic or not limiting function there is no need for further surgical intervention. 

Malunions can be secondary to 1,4:

  • inaccurate reduction (closed or open)

  • loss of reduction

  • inadequate immobilization

Malunion can alter biomechanics resulting in the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, in particular, if there is intra-articular malunion, or joint instability 1,4.

Cases and figures

  • Case 1
  • Case 2
  • Case 3: with osteopetrosis
  • Case 4: malunited neck of femur stress fracture
  • Case 5: radial head
  • Case 6: symphysis pubis
  • Case 7: tibia
  • Case 8: femur
  • Case 9: humerus
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