Disclosures
- updated 28 Mar 2023:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
The gluteus maximus (plural: glutei maximi) is the largest muscle in the gluteal region and overlies most of the other gluteal muscles.
Summary
-
origin
insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract
-
gross anatomy:
-
action
powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint
lateral stabiliser of hip joint
-
lateral stabiliser of the extended knee joint
lateral rotator of the thigh
abduction at the hip (upper fibres)
arterial supply:superior and inferior gluteal arteries
innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
-
bursa:
between the muscle and ischial tuberosity (ischiogluteal bursa)
between the muscle and greater trochanter (trochanteric bursa)
between the muscle and upper part of the vastus lateralis (gluteofemoral bursa)
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antagonist
-
variants
-<strong>origin</strong><ul>-<li>gluteal surface of the <a href="/articles/ilium">ilium</a> behind the posterior gluteal line</li>-<li>the lumbar fascia</li>-<li>lateral mass of <a href="/articles/sacrum">sacrum</a>-</li>-<li><a href="/articles/sacrotuberous-ligament">sacrotuberous ligament</a></li>- +<p><strong>origin</strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>gluteal surface of the <a href="/articles/ilium">ilium</a> behind the posterior gluteal line</p></li>
- +<li><p>the lumbar fascia</p></li>
- +<li><p>lateral mass of <a href="/articles/sacrum">sacrum</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/sacrotuberous-ligament">sacrotuberous ligament</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><strong>insertion</strong>: gluteal tuberosity of the <a href="/articles/femur">femur</a> and <a href="/articles/iliotibial-band">iliotibial tract</a></p></li>
-<strong>insertion</strong>: gluteal tuberosity of the <a href="/articles/femur">femur</a> and <a href="/articles/iliotibial-band">iliotibial tract</a>-</li>-<li>-<strong>gross anatomy: </strong><ul>-<li>-<strong></strong>thick flat sheet of muscle sloping from the pelvis down across the buttock </li>-<li>fan-shaped muscle with a posterior third lying deep to the posterior recess of the ischioanal fossa </li>- +<p><strong>gross anatomy: </strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p><strong></strong>thick flat sheet of muscle sloping from the pelvis down across the buttock </p></li>
- +<li><p>fan-shaped muscle with a posterior third lying deep to the posterior recess of the ischioanal fossa </p></li>
-<strong>action</strong><ul>-<li>powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint</li>-<li>lateral stabiliser of hip joint</li>-<li>lateral stabiliser of the extended knee joint<ul><li>by tightening the iliotibial tract <sup>2</sup>-</li></ul>- +<p><strong>action</strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint</p></li>
- +<li><p>lateral stabiliser of hip joint</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>lateral stabiliser of the extended knee joint</p>
- +<ul><li><p>by tightening the iliotibial tract <sup>2</sup></p></li></ul>
-<li>lateral rotator of the thigh</li>-<li>abduction at the hip (upper fibres)</li>- +<li><p>lateral rotator of the thigh</p></li>
- +<li><p>abduction at the hip (upper fibres)</p></li>
- +<li><p><strong>arterial supply</strong>:<strong> </strong><a href="/articles/superior-gluteal-artery-1">superior </a>and <a href="/articles/inferior-gluteal-artery">inferior gluteal arteries</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><strong>innervation</strong>: <a href="/articles/inferior-gluteal-nerve">inferior gluteal nerve</a> (L5, S1, S2)</p></li>
-<strong>arterial supply</strong>:<strong> </strong><a href="/articles/superior-gluteal-artery-1">superior </a>and <a href="/articles/inferior-gluteal-artery">inferior gluteal arteries</a>-</li>-<li>-<strong>innervation</strong>: <a href="/articles/inferior-gluteal-nerve">inferior gluteal nerve</a> (L5, S1, S2)<br><strong>bursa:</strong><ul>-<li>between the muscle and ischial tuberosity (ischiogluteal bursa)</li>-<li>between the muscle and greater trochanter (trochanteric bursa)</li>-<li>between the muscle and upper part of the vastus lateralis (gluteofemoral bursa)</li>- +<p><strong>bursa:</strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>between the muscle and ischial tuberosity (ischiogluteal bursa)</p></li>
- +<li><p>between the muscle and greater trochanter (trochanteric bursa)</p></li>
- +<li><p>between the muscle and upper part of the vastus lateralis (gluteofemoral bursa)</p></li>
-<strong>antagonist</strong><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/iliacus-muscle">iliacus</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/psoas-major-muscle-1">psoas major</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/psoas-minor-muscle">psoas minor</a></li>- +<p><strong>antagonist</strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/iliacus-muscle">iliacus</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/psoas-major-muscle-1">psoas major</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/psoas-minor-muscle">psoas minor</a></p></li>
-<strong>variants</strong><ul>-<li>fusion of gluteus maximus with <a href="/articles/tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle">tensor fascia latae</a>-</li>-<li>additional slip of muscular attachment to the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity</li>- +<p><strong>variants</strong></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>fusion of gluteus maximus with <a href="/articles/tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle">tensor fascia latae</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>additional slip of muscular attachment to the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity</p></li>
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