Hunt and Hess grading system (subarachnoid haemorrhage)
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Campos A, Knipe H, et al. Hunt and Hess grading system (subarachnoid haemorrhage). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 23 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-3878
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rID:
3878
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Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Arlene Campos had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Arlene Campos's current disclosures
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8 contributors -
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The Hunt and Hess scale describes the clinical severity of subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting from the rupture of an intracerebral aneurysm and is used as a predictor of survival.
-
grade 1
- asymptomatic or minimal headache and slight neck stiffness
- 70% survival
-
grade 2
- moderate to severe headache; neck stiffness; no neurologic deficit except cranial nerve palsy
- 60% survival
-
grade 3
- drowsy; minimal neurologic deficit
- 50% survival
-
grade 4
- stuporous; moderate to severe hemiparesis; possibly early decerebrate rigidity and vegetative disturbances
- 20% survival
-
grade 5
- deep coma; decerebrate rigidity; moribund
- 10% survival
History and etymology
It was first described in 1968 by two neurosurgeons from Ohio, USA:
- William Edward Hunt (1921-1999), neurologist and neurosurgeon; also of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
- Robert M Hess (1931-2019) neurosurgeon
See also
References
- 1. Hunt W & Hess R. Surgical Risk as Related to Time of Intervention in the Repair of Intracranial Aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1968;28(1):14-20. doi:10.3171/jns.1968.28.1.0014 - Pubmed
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