Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Deng F, Hacking C, Bell D, Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-65896
Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD), also known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 5 (MODY5), refers to the combination of renal cortical cysts and diabetes mellitus in patients with mutations in the HNF1B gene. When renal cysts are associated with these mutations without disturbances in glucose metabolism, the term HNF1B-associated kidney disease may be used.
The disorder is the most common known monogenic cause of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, accounting for 5-31% depending on the phenotypic selection of the cohort 1,2. By contrast, the syndrome accounts for <1% of all maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
Genetics
The disorder, like other forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. De novo mutations occur in half of cases. The mutations, whether deletions or coding region/splicing mutations, result in haploinsufficiency of the HNF1B gene (also known as TCF2), which encodes the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF-1β) transcription factor.
Ultrasound
The most common finding is bilateral renal cystic dysplasia, including hyperechogenic parenchyma and anechoic cysts 3,4. The kidneys are normal to slightly increased in size.
The differential is that of the other pediatric cystic renal diseases.
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1. Verhave JC, Bech AP, Wetzels JF, Nijenhuis T. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β-Associated Kidney Disease: More than Renal Cysts and Diabetes. (2016) Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 27 (2): 345-53. doi:10.1681/ASN.2015050544 - Pubmed
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2. Raaijmakers A, Corveleyn A, Devriendt K, van Tienoven TP, Allegaert K, Van Dyck M, van den Heuvel L, Kuypers D, Claes K, Mekahli D, Levtchenko E. Criteria for HNF1B analysis in patients with congenital abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract. (2015) Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 30 (5): 835-42. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu370 - Pubmed
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3. Edghill EL, Oram RA, Owens M, Stals KL, Harries LW, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Bingham C. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta gene deletions--a common cause of renal disease. (2008) Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 23 (2): 627-35. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm603 - Pubmed
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4. Ulinski T, Lescure S, Beaufils S, Guigonis V, Decramer S, Morin D, Clauin S, Deschênes G, Bouissou F, Bensman A, Bellanné-Chantelot C. Renal phenotypes related to hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (TCF2) mutations in a pediatric cohort. (2006) Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 17 (2): 497-503. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005101040 - Pubmed
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