Renal vein varices (singular: varix) develop for various reasons and are usually asymptomatic.
Clinical presentation
Renal vein varices are usually asymptomatic. Some patients may present with flank pain and/or hematuria.
Pathology
Etiology
- chronic renal vein thrombosis
- nutcracker syndrome
- posterior nutcracker syndrome
- retroaortic left renal vein
- portal hypertension (portosystemic collateral pathway i.e. splenorenal shunt)
- idiopathic (usually left sided)
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