Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Sugaya classification
The Sugaya classification is a 5-point system used to evaluate rotator cuff repair.
Usage
The Sugaya classification is the most common system used to evaulate rotator cuff repair 2 although intra- and inter-observer reproducibility is variable 3,4.
Classification
The Sugaya classification a...
Article
Wrist (clenched fist view)
The clenched fist view is an additional projection used to evaluate suspected widening of the scapholunate interval, often performed bilaterally it is a functional view that requires the patient to clench both hands.
Patient position
patient is seated in front of the table
both hands are pl...
Article
Overfitting
Overfitting is a problem in machine learning that introduces errors based on noise and meaningless data into prediction or classification. Overfitting tends to happen in cases where training data sets are either of insufficient size or training data sets include parameters and/or unrelated featu...
Article
Anatomical side marker
An anatomical side marker, also known as a side marker or orientation marker, is the label on a medical image denoting which side of the body it is.
Historically in radiography, the side marker was a physical marker placed by the radiographer at the side of the patient so that it would be captu...
Article
Track vs tract
The terms track and tract are commonly mixed up in radiology and medicine (and often English more generally).
Track
In medicine a track refers to a passage formed as something passes through tissue. For example a needle track, the narrow channel formed as a needle is inserted into and withdra...
Article
Placenta percreta
Placenta percreta is a term given to the most severe but least common form of the placenta accreta spectrum disorders, where there is a transmural extension of placental tissue across the myometrium with a serosal breach. It carries severe maternal as well as fetal risks.
The milder end of the ...
Article
Radical cystectomy
A radical cystectomy is a surgical treatment in patients most commonly indicated for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Indications
muscle-invasive bladder cancer 8
non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to local treatment (e.g. BCG therapy) 2,8
neurogenic or nonfunctioning bladder in...
Article
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure but where a causative mass or hydrocephalus is not identified.
Terminology
The older term benign intracranial hypertension is generally frowne...
Article
Papilledema
Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc related to increased intracranial pressure.
Terminology
Care must be taken to not use the term papilledema for all causes of optic nerve head elevation. Although papilledema literally means swelling of the optic disc (nerve head/papilla), in oph...
Article
Traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematoma in neonates
Traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematoma (TPFSH) in neonates is a traumatic complication at birth. It is extremely rare. Although traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematoma is a very rare condition, it is clinically critical as it may compress the ventricular system or the brainstem and can ...
Article
T1 black holes
T1 black holes are hypointense lesions commonly seen on T1WI (Spinecho or TurboSpinecho, not T1 3D) in patients with multiple sclerosis and indicates the chronic stage with white matter destruction, axonal loss and irreversible clinical outcome.
Treatment and prognosis
There is a correlation b...
Article
Lung hilum
The lung hila or roots are found on the medial aspect of each lung and transmit structures such as vessels and bronchi between the lung and mediastinum. The left and right lung roots are similar but not identical. The roots of the lung lie between T5 to T7 vertebrae 5.
The hilar point is a poin...
Article
Pulmonary emphysema
Pulmonary emphysema is defined as the "abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of the alveolar wall 1. The criteria "absence of obvious fibrosis" may not be necessary because interstitial fibrosis may be present in cigarette s...
Article
Pylephlebitis
Pylephlebitis, also known as ascending septic thrombophlebitis, is a thrombotic occlusion of the portal vein or its branches secondary to infection in regions that drain to the portal venous system.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation is often vague. Patients may initially present with...
Article
Cases
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Our editorial board will select excellent cases to be featured on the Radiopaedia ...
Article
Anomalous course of coronary arteries
Anomalous course of a coronary artery is a type of congenital coronary artery anomaly. It may represent a benign and incidental finding, but rarely it is a malignant course predisposing patients to life-threatening myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias, depending on where the artery runs.
Clinica...
Article
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery may occur if the right coronary artery (RCA) has an aberrant origin from the left coronary sinus. The interarterial course occurs because the artery passes between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk 1-3.
It is an uncommon anatomic varia...
Article
Chiari malformations
Chiari malformations are a group of structural conditions characterized by congenital caudal 'displacement' of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum, often with associated caudal displacement of brainstem.
Terminology
The description of 'malformation' may not be accurate for Chiari 0...
Article
Tarlov cyst
Tarlov cysts, also called perineural cysts, are CSF-filled dilatations of the nerve root sheath at the dorsal root ganglion (posterior nerve root sheath). These are type II spinal meningeal cysts that are, by definition, extradural but contain neural tissue.
Most Tarlov cysts are asymptomatic, ...
Article
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusions are abnormal accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. They may result from a variety of pathological processes which overwhelm the pleura's ability to reabsorb fluid.
Terminology
"Pleural effusion" is commonly used as a catch-all term to describe any abnormal accumula...
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