Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Fluoroscopic nasojejunal tube insertion
Fluoroscopic nasojejunal (NJT) or nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is a valuable procedure offered by radiologists in patient care.
The majority of nasogastric tubes are inserted on the ward level and nasojejunal tubes may be placed in theater at the time of surgery. In difficult cases, inserti...
Article
Inferior thyroid artery
The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk (85%) or subclavian artery (15%) and ascends to enter the thyroid gland on its posterior surface, as well as supplying both the superior and inferior parathyroid glands 1.
If the artery arises from the subclavian artery, it may ...
Article
Applying to Radiology training in the United Kingdom
Applying to radiology training in the United Kingdom (UK) is through a centralised process for England, Scotland and Wales on Oriel. Northern Ireland's radiology training recruitment remains a separate process.
Applications are open to those completing or completing their Foundation Training or...
Article
Carcinoid syndrome
Carcinoid syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms that result from excessive hormone (mainly serotonin) secretion.
Epidemiology
Occurs equally between the sexes, most commonly in the 40-70 year age group 3.
Clinical presentation
Diarrhea is the most common and earliest symptom, but others...
Article
Leave alone lesions - skeletal
Skeletal leave alone lesions, also called “don't touch” or "do-not-touch" lesions, are so characteristic radiographically that further diagnostic tests such as a biopsy are unnecessary and can be frankly misleading and lead to additional unnecessary surgery. Thus, a radiologic diagnosis should b...
Article
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair
A thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is an endovascular aneurysm repair technique in which the thoracic aorta is repaired by inserting a stent endograft.
Device terminology
When reporting TEVAR configurations, one should have an understanding of device terminology. The endograft itsel...
Article
Melorheostosis
Melorheostosis, also known as Leri disease, is an uncommon mesenchymal dysplasia manifesting as regions of sclerosing bone with a characteristic dripping wax appearance (a.k.a. flowing candle wax appearance).
Epidemiology
Although changes occur in early childhood, age at presentation is often...
Article
Tug lesion (musculoskeletal)
A tug lesion in musculoskeletal imaging is a term given to describe a bony traction reaction at a muscle attachment site likened to that of the "tug effect". They are benign and are placed as do not touch lesions.
Notable sites include:
distal femur: cortical desmoid
posterior tibia: soleal l...
Article
Maxillary sinus
The maxillary sinus (or antrum of Highmore) is a paired pyramid-shaped paranasal sinus within the maxillary bone which drains via the maxillary ostium into the infundibulum, then through hiatus semilunaris into the middle meatus. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses.
Summary
location: pa...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Hook of hamate fracture
Hook of hamate fractures (also sometimes termed type 1 hamate fractures) are rare. They are a form of hamate fractures and occur from the hamate fracturing after blunt trauma, falls, and in sports players (e.g. golf, baseball, racquet sports) from a direct blow while swinging. Stress fractures h...
Article
Ganglion cysts of the hand and wrist
Ganglion cysts are the most common mass-like lesions of the hand and wrist.
Epidemiology
They are the most common soft-tissue tumors of the hand and occur most frequently in the age group of 20-40 years. Women are more commonly affected 1-3.
Risk factors
Ganglion cysts of the hand and wrists...
Article
Paranasal sinuses retention cysts
Retention cysts of paranasal sinuses are common benign lesions usually discovered incidentally on a plain sinus radiograph or cross-sectional imaging of the head. They do not usually cause symptoms.
Terminology
They are also referred to as mucous retention cysts.
Epidemiology
It is difficul...
Article
Soleus muscle
The soleus muscle is one of the calf muscles (triceps surae) in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg which sits deep to gastrocnemius. It is much bigger than gastrocnemius and is the primary plantar flexor.
Summary
origin:
fibular origin: head of fibula and upper third of posterio...
Article
Hydrosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx is a descriptive term and refers to a fluid-filled dilatation of the fallopian tube. If the fluid is infected, i.e. pus, then it is a pyosalpinx; if bloody, then hematosalpinx.
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with pelvic pain or infertility.
Path...
Article
Arthrogram (MRI)
An MR arthrogram is an MRI performed after a joint is injected with a solution containing gadolinium. Sometimes abbreviated to MRA, which can be confused with MR angiography. MRI can also be performed after an injection is not directly administered into the joint, via an indirect arthrogram. An ...
Article
Perilymphatic fistula
A perilymphatic fistula (also known as a perilymph fistula or labyrinthine fistula) is a pathologic communication between the fluid-filled space of the inner ear and the air-filled space of the middle ear, most commonly occurring at either the round or oval window.
Clinical presentation
Althou...
Article
Intercostal lung hernia
An intercostal lung hernia is a form of lung herniation and is defined as a protrusion of pulmonary tissue and pleural membranes beyond the confines of the thoracic cavity through an intercostal defect/opening in the chest wall.
Epidemiology
Intercostal lung herniations are considered the com...
Article
Esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal carcinoma is globally the 7th most common cancer and 6th most common cause of cancer-related death as per NCCN version 3.2023. It tends to present with increasing dysphagia, initially to solids and progressing to liquids as the tumor increases in size, obstructing the lumen of the eso...
Article
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree, and is commonly accompanied by bronchial wall thickening and mucoid impaction 25.
Terminology
If reversibility is uncertain use the term “bronchial dilatation” 25.
The term bronchiolectasis refers to irreversible dilatation of d...
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