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44 results
Article
Paraovarian cyst
Paraovarian cysts are remnants of the Wolffian duct in the mesosalpinx that do not arise from the ovary. They account for ~15% (range 10-20%) of adnexal masses 3,4.
Terminology
Paraovarian cysts are sometimes called paratubal cysts or hydatid cysts of Morgagni 14.
Epidemiology
They typically...
Article
Complex cystic and solid breast mass
A complex cystic and solid breast mass, also known as a complex breast cyst, is a morphological type of breast cyst along with simple breast cysts and complicated breast cysts. Complex breast cysts are defined as cysts with thick walls, thick septa, intracystic masses, or other discrete solid co...
Article
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cysts are commonly encountered in gynecological imaging and vary widely in etiology from physiological to complex benign to neoplastic.
Pathology
Small cystic ovarian structures should be considered normal ovarian follicles unless the patient is pre-pubertal, post-menopausal, pregnant,...
Case
Aneurysmal bone cyst - with follow up
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Published
09 Sep 2020
73% complete
X-ray
Article
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign expansile osteoclastic giant cell-rich bony neoplasms, composed of numerous blood-filled channels and cystic spaces 1.
ABC accounts for the 'A' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Terminology
The terms 'giant cell reparative gran...
Article
Central giant cell lesions (granuloma)
Central giant cell lesions (granulomas), also known as giant cell reparative cysts/granulomas, occurs almost exclusively in the mandible, although cases in the skull and maxilla have been reported.
Epidemiology
It is most frequently seen in young women (F:M 2:1) 5 and typically presents in the...
Article
BSBR breast imaging classification
The British Society of Breast Radiologists (BSBR) publish with the Royal College of Radiologists a standardized classification for breast imaging in the United Kingdom. The first edition in 2009 was based on findings from the RCR Breast Group (RCRBG) 1 with the fourth edition published in Novemb...
Case
Spermatocele
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Published
09 Feb 2014
66% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Sonographic values in obstetrics and gynecology
Obstetric and gynecological ultrasound is rampant with numerous cut-off values. Some of these get revised over the years. The following list is a useful aid to refer to and revise.
1 mm
rate of increase of a mean sac diameter per day in early pregnancy
2 mm
generally accepted value for a thi...
Article
Lucent/lytic bone lesion - differential diagnosis (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the differential diagnosis of lucent/lytic bone lesions include:
FEGNOMASHIC
FOG MACHINES
They are anagrams of each other and therefore include the same components. They are by no means exhaustive lists, but are a good start for remembering a differential for a lucent/lytic bone...
Article
Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential
Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP) are low-grade adult renal tumors composed entirely of numerous cysts. The entity was previously known as multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, which usually had clear cell morphology, but was redefined in the 2016 WHO cl...
Article
Paranasal sinus mucocele
Paranasal sinus mucoceles represent complete opacification of one or more paranasal sinuses by mucus, often associated with bony expansion due to obstruction of the nasal sinus drainage.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation depends on two factors:
location and direction of expansion
p...
Article
Abscess
Abscesses are focal confined collections of suppurative inflammatory material and can be thought of as having three components 1:
a central core consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells and local tissue
peripheral halo of viable neutrophils
surrounded by a 'capsule' with dilated blood vessel...
Article
Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI)
The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI) forms the MRI component of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS). This system aims to ensure that there is a uniform, unambiguous MRI evaluation of ovarian or other adnexal lesions, accurately ...
Article
Musculoskeletal curriculum
The musculoskeletal curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core of musculoskeletal knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, but excluding the skeletal structures of the head.
Anat...
Article
Fibrous dysplasia
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a developmental benign medullary fibro-osseous process characterized by the failure to form mature lamellar bone and arrest as woven bone that can be multifocal. It can affect any bone and occur in a monostotic form involving only one bone or a polyostotic form involvin...
Article
Mammography
Mammography is a dedicated radiographic technique for imaging the breast, and the resultant images are known as mammograms.
Types of mammography
In general terms, there are two types of mammography: screening and diagnostic.
Mammography differs significantly in many respects from the rest of ...
Article
Bone tumors (overview)
There are a bewildering number of bone tumors with a wide variety of radiological appearances. For a formal and updated classification of bone tumors, see WHO classification of tumors of bone.
bone-forming tumors
osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
osteosarcoma
cartilage-forming tumors
...
Article
Lumbar canal stenosis
Lumbar canal stenosis is a general term that refers to the pathological narrowing of the spinal canal, nerve root canals and/or the intervertebral foramina in the lumbar spine 1-4,6,7,9,10.
Epidemiology
Lumbar canal stenosis is common, especially among individuals over 60 years old, and its pr...
Case
Pathological fracture - pediatric
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Published
03 Jun 2021
76% complete
CT