Search results for “intervertebral surface”
32 results
Article
Intervertebral joint
There are three intervertebral joints between each adjacent vertebra from the axis to the sacrum – one between the vertebral bodies and a pair between the facets of adjoining vertebral arches (zygapophysial joints, also called facet joints).
Gross anatomy
Movement
flexion: the anterior interv...
Article
Typical cervical vertebrae
Of the seven cervical vertebrae, C3 through C6 have typical anatomy, while C7 looks very similar. C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) have very distinct anatomical features. For a basic anatomic description of the structure a generic vertebra, see vertebrae.
Gross anatomy
small, oval-shaped vertebral bod...
Article
Axis (C2)
The axis is the second cervical vertebra, commonly called C2. It is an atypical cervical vertebra with unique features and important relations that make it easily recognisable. Its most prominent feature is the odontoid process (also know as the dens or peg), which is embryologically the body of...
Article
Anterior longitudinal ligament
The anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies (firmly united to the periosteum) and intervertebral discs (attaching to the anterior annulus). It ascends from the anterosuperior portion of the sacrum superiorly to become the anterior atlantooccip...
Article
Posterior spinal arteries
The posterior spinal arteries are a pair of arteries that supply the respective ipsilateral grey and white posterior columns of the spinal cord.
Gross anatomy
The posterior spinal arteries arise from either the posterior inferior cerebellar or vertebral arteries (V3 or V4 segments) and run ...
Article
Sacrum
The sacrum is the penultimate segment of the vertebral column and also forms the posterior part of the bony pelvis. It transmits the total body weight between the lower appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton.
Gross anatomy
The sacrum is an irregularly shaped bone, shaped roughly like an ...
Article
Parasyndesmophytes
Parasyndesmophytes or non-marginal bulky syndesmophytes or floating syndesmophytes are, paravertebral dystrophic soft tissue calcifications or heterotopic ossifications.
Etiology
They are known to be seen in 4:
psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
Radiographic features
Initially parasyn...
Article
Typical ribs
Typical ribs are those numbered 2 to 10 with ribs 1, 11 and 12 considered atypical. Some authors however include ribs 2 and 10 also atypical.
Gross anatomy
A typical rib is long and flat. They contain a:
head
neck
tubercle
shaft
angle
Ribs have a rounded, smooth superior border. The infe...
Article
Uncovertebral arthrosis
Uncovertebral arthrosis is osteoarthritic changes seen at the uncinate process of the cervical spine. It is a common site of arthrosis regularly observed at the lower cervical vertebrae.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will vary; it could be a sudden onset of pain, stiffness or eve...
Article
Lumbar spine
The lumbar spine (often shortened to L-spine) consists of five adjacent vertebrae of the lower vertebral column, in some cases it is possible to find 4 or 6 vertebrae as an anatomical variant. They participate in the lumbar lordosis, a natural curve in the spine, that is convex anteriorly.
Art...
Article
Coccyx
The coccyx (plural: coccyges) is the series of rudimentary vertebrae forming the caudal termination of the vertebral column and is positioned inferior to the apex of the sacrum. The coccyx is one leg of the tripod formed in conjunction with the ischial tuberosities for support in a seated positi...
Article
Anterior spinal artery
The anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord and arises from the vertebral artery (V4, intradural segment) in the region of the medulla oblongata. The two vertebral arteries (one of which is usually bigger than the other) anastomose in the midline to form a single ...
Article
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, also known as pyrophosphate arthropathy or pseudogout, is defined by the co-occurrence of arthritis with evidence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition within the articular cartilage.
Terminology
The terminology regarding CPPD...
Article
Lumbosacral joint
The lumbosacral joint articulates the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the first sacral vertebra (S1).
Gross anatomy
Articulations
The lumbosacral joint has two significant articulations:
formed by an intervertebral disc encapsulated between the L5 and S1 vertebral bodies
paired facet joints ...
Article
Spinal dura mater
The spinal dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges that surround the spinal cord.
Gross Anatomy
The spinal dura mater is a fibrous, non-adherent, tough layer surrounding the spinal cord. Unlike the intracranial dura mater, it only has a single layer which is continuous with the inner...
Article
Ballistics (overview)
Ballistics is the scientific study of projectiles. Numerous variables determine initial projectile velocity, characteristics of flight, and the projectile's effects on the target. These can be divided into the fields of internal ballistics, external ballistics, and terminal ballistics. Understan...
Article
Fifth lumbar vertebra (L5)
The fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) is the largest of the five lumbar vertebrae and is considered an atypical vertebra due to its shape.
Gross anatomy
L5 is the largest, most inferior lumbar discovertebral unit in the vertebral column, and participates in forming the lumbar lordosis (from L1 to L5...
Article
Spinal cord circulation
The spinal cord circulation refers to the complex arrangement of arterial and venous plexuses that supply and drain blood from the spinal cord.
Arterial supply
The spinal cord receives its blood supply by contributions from both longitudinal and reinforced by segmental (a.k.a. radiculomedullar...
Article
Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia
With the growing incidence of obesity in the western world, ultrasound-guided anesthesia is becoming more common.
Spinal anesthesia is traditionally administered by identifying relevant surface anatomy and imaging is rarely used for pre-procedural identification of structures. Ultrasound-guide...
Article
Spondylosis
Spondylosis (plural: spondyloses) is used as a broad descriptive term referring to degeneration of the spinal column from any cause 1; it is usually further qualified by the part of the spine affected, e.g. cervical spondylosis and lumbar spondylosis 1.
Pathology
Spondylosis can be divided int...
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