Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Weerakkody Y, Knipe H, Elfeky M, et al. Carcinoid syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-13528
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had the following disclosures:
- Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (past)
These were assessed during peer review and were determined to
not be relevant to the changes that were made.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosures
Carcinoid syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms that result from excessive hormone (mainly serotonin) secretion.
Occurs equally between the sexes, most commonly in the 40-70 year age group 3.
Diarrhea is the most common and earliest symptom, but others include flushing, right heart failure, pain and bronchospasm 4.
Carcinoid syndrome can occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome in the context of a neuroendocrine tumor, most commonly arising from the small bowel ref. The presence of the carcinoid syndrome often indicates hepatic metastatic disease ref.
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1. Adam A. Carcinoid Syndrome. Radiology. Br J Hosp Med. 1986;35(3):154, 156, 158 passim. - Pubmed
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2. Levy A & Sobin L. From the Archives of the AFIP: Gastrointestinal Carcinoids: Imaging Features with Clinicopathologic Comparison. Radiographics. 2007;27(1):237-57. doi:10.1148/rg.271065169 - Pubmed
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3. Siegenthaler, Walter, 1923-. Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine. (2007) ISBN: 313142141X - Google Books
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4. Vincent T. DeVita. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer. (2011) ISBN: 9781451105452 - Google Books
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