Enophthalmos refers to the posterior displacement of the globe in the orbit. It implies that the globe itself is normal and is caused by either one or a combination of 1:
structural alterations in the bony orbit
retraction
It may or may not be associated with hypoglobus.
Pathology
Etiology
Causes for enopthalmos include 2:
orbital blowout fracture: most common
orbital metastasis: breast cancer orbital metastasis most commonly produces a desmoplastic response leading to retraction, considered one of the earliest signs of metastatic breast cancer
maxillary sinus mucocele
orbital varix: paradoxically causes posterior displacement of the globe when the varix empties
congenital
Exophthalmos (or proptosis) is the opposite, displacement of the globe anteriorly.
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