Fetal bradyarrhythmia
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Weerakkody Y, Jones J, Bell D, et al. Fetal bradyarrhythmia. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 31 Mar 2025) https://radiopaedia.org/articles/13881
DOI:
-
rID:
13881
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.
View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures
Revisions:
8 times, by
6 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Tags:
Synonyms:
- Fetal bradyarrhythmias
- Foetal bradyarrhythmia
- Foetal bradyarrhythmias
Fetal bradyarrhythmias refer to an abnormally low fetal heart rate (less than 100-110 beats per minute 3,7) as well as being irregular, i.e. irregular fetal bradycardia.
On this page:
Epidemiology
Associations
- congenital cardiac anomalies: may be present in 50-60% of cases 2,3
-
maternal connective tissue disease
- anti-Ro and anti-La positive antibody pregnancies: 20-30% of cases ref
Pathology
A fetal bradyarrhythmia can fall into several types which include
- fetal partial atrioventricular block (PAVB)
- fetal complete atrioventricular block (CAVB): considered the commonest type 1
- blocked premature atrial contractions:
Treatment and prognosis
Complications
The development of hydrops fetalis is a serious complication.
References
- 1. Eberhard Merz. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (2005) ISBN: 9781588901477
- 2. Jaeggi E & Friedberg M. Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Bradyarrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:S50-3. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.00957.x
- 3. Wladimiroff J, Stewart P, Tonge H. Fetal Bradyarrhythmia: Diagnosis and Outcome. Prenat Diagn. 1988;8(1):53-7. doi:10.1002/pd.1970080107
- 4. Minagawa Y, Akaiwa A, Hidaka T et al. Severe Fetal Supraventricular Bradyarrhythmia Without Fetal Hypoxia. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70(3 Pt 2):454-6. PMID 3627601
- 5. Jaeggi E & Nii M. Fetal Brady- and Tachyarrhythmias: New and Accepted Diagnostic and Treatment Methods. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2005;10(6):504-14. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2005.08.003
- 6. Diana W. Bianchi, Timothy M. Crombleholme, Mary E. D'Alton. Fetology. (2000) ISBN: 9780838525708
- 7. Mary E. D'Alton, Errol Norwitz, Thomas McElrath. Maternal-Fetal Medicine. (2007) ISBN: 9780521709347
Incoming Links
Related articles: Pathology: Genitourinary
- obstetrics
-
first trimester
- ultrasound findings in early pregnancy
- embryo/fetus
- beta-hCG levels
- confirming intrauterine gestation
- pregnancy of unknown location (PUL)
- first trimester vaginal bleeding
- early structural scan
- aneuploidy testing
-
second trimester
- fetal biometry
- amniotic fluid volume
- fetal morphology assessment
- soft markers
- amnioreduction
- Doppler ultrasound
- nuchal translucency
- 11-13 weeks antenatal scan
- chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis
- other
- placenta
- placental anatomy
- placental developmental abnormalities
- placenta praevia
- spectrum of abnormal placental villous adherence
- abnormalities of cord insertion
- abruptio placentae
- placental pathology
- vascular pathologies of placenta
- placental infections
- placental masses
- molar pregnancy
- twin placenta
- miscellaneous
-
first trimester
- gynaecology
- acute pelvic pain
- chronic pelvic pain
- uterus
- ovaries
- ovarian follicle
- ovarian torsion
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- ovarian cysts and masses
- paraovarian cyst
- polycystic ovaries
- ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- post-hysterectomy ovary
- cervix
- fallopian tube
- other
- male genital tract
- prostate gland
- transrectal ultrasound
- prostate tumours
- infections of the prostate
-
prostatitis
- acute bacterial prostatitis
-
chronic prostatitis
- chronic bacterial prostatitis
- chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)
- asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
- granulomatous prostatitis
- emphysematous prostatitis
- prostatic abscess
-
prostatitis
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- cystic lesions of the prostate
- prostatic calcification
- prostatic infarction
- testes
-
unilateral testicular lesion
- testicular torsion
- orchitis
- testicular trauma
-
germ cell tumours of the testis
- testicular seminoma
-
non seminomatous germ cell tumours
- mixed germ cell tumour
- yolk sac tumour (endodermal sinus tumour)
- embryonal cell carcinoma
- choriocarcinoma
- testicular teratoma
- testicular epidermoid (teratoma with ectodermal elements only)
- burned out testis tumour
- sex cord / stromal tumours of the testis
- testicular cyst
- testicular lymphoma
- bilateral testicular lesion
- paratesticular lesions
- epididymis
- other
- polyorchidism
- cryptorchidism
- tubular ectasia of the rete testis
- cystadenoma of the rete testis
- testicular sarcoidosis
- testicular tuberculosis
- spermatic cord
- fibrous pseudotumour of the scrotum
- scrotal leiomyosarcoma
- testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs)
- tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma
- splenogonadal fusion
- testicular vasculitis
- abnormal testicular Doppler flow (differential)
-
unilateral testicular lesion
- penis
- prostate gland
- KUB
- kidneys
- normal renal anatomy
- hydronephrosis
- urolithiasis
- renal masses
- renal cystic disease
- renal infection
- vascular
- trauma
- ureter
- normal ureter anatomy
- ureteral stricture
- ureteral dilatation
- ureteral anomalies
- ureteral tumours
- ureteral trauma
- other
- bladder
- kidneys
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.