HIV/AIDS (CNS manifestations)

Last revised by Rohit Sharma on 7 Aug 2023

The CNS manifestations of HIV/AIDS (neuroAIDS) occur secondary to a wide range of neurodegenerative, infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes. 

Epidemiology

Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996, there has been a shift in the epidemiology of CNS manifestations of HIV in Western developed countries, with a decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections 2,3.

Pathology

HIV/AIDS affects the CNS by one of four mechanisms:

  1. direct consequence of the HIV virus

  2. opportunistic infections

  3. neoplasms in the immunocompromised host

  4. treatment-related complications

Direct consequences
Opportunistic infections
CNS tumors
Treatment-related complications
Unknown mechanism

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