Ovarian carcinoid tumors are very rare sub type of ovarian tumor. They are usually classified under ovarian germ cell tumors (monodermal teratoma 5).
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Terminology
The term carcinoid tumor of the ovary can be used to described primary ovarian carcinoid tumors or metastatic carcinoid tumors to the ovary. The former are comparatively commoner.
Epidemiology
As a group they are thought to account for 0.3% of all ovarian tumors and 0.5% of carcinoid tumors. They are commonly seen in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 5.
Pathology
Primary carcinoid tumors of the ovary are divided into four main types:
insular type: most common and the only type that is associated with the carcinoid syndrome 1
trabecular type
strumal type: second commonest type
mucinous type (goblet cell 4)
Associations
The majority of primary ovarian carcinoids occur in association with mature cystic teratoma, but a considerable number present in pure form.
Radiographic features
Primary carcinoids of the ovary are invariably unilateral. They form a solid nodule within a cystic teratoma or form a pure solid hypervascular mass. They can be indistinguishable from other solid neoplasms of the ovary 5.
Lesions can markedly vary in size. Metastatic carcinoids are nearly always bilateral with scattered tumor deposits present throughout both ovaries.
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