Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

Case contributed by Luis Felipe Camarillo
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Male with a history of 4 months of headache and seizures.

Patient Data

Age: 10 years
Gender: Male

Head non-contrast CT

ct
This study is a stack
Axial
non-contrast
This study is a stack
Sagittal
non-contrast
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Info

Homogenous hypodense well-circumscribed lesion in the periphery of the right parietal lobe associated with vasogenic perilesional edema.

mri
This study is a stack
Axial
T2
This study is a stack
Axial
FLAIR
This study is a stack
Sagittal
T1
This study is a stack
Axial
T1 C+
This study is a stack
Sagittal
T1 C+
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Info

Well-circumscribed predominantly cystic lesion at the peripheral right parietal lobe ( precuneus) which is hyperintense in T2/FLAIR, hypointense in T1, after gadolinium administration with vivid ring and thick internal septa enhancement. 

Case Discussion

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare primary brain tumor that presents in young children and clinically manifests seizures and headaches, as in this case. 

On MRI images appears as solid / cystic lesions located supratentorial and peripherally in cortex with leptomeningeal affection. Vividly enhancement of solid components and mural nodules is typical too. In this case, the images did not show wall nodules, however, it is observed a small amount of peripheral enhancement of solid tissue. After surgical resection pathology confirmed the presence of spindle cells, polygonal cells, multinucleated cells, and lipid infiltrated glial cells confirming the final diagnosis. 

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