Acetabular labrum
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At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had no recorded disclosures.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosuresAcetabular labrum acts to deepen the acetabulum and increase contact between the pelvis and the femoral head. Its exact biomechanical role remains to be fully elucidated.
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Gross anatomy
The acetabular labrum is a C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure with an opening anteroinferiorly at the site of the acetabular notch. Here it is bridged by the transverse ligament (thus forming the acetabular foramen beneath it). Elsewhere it is attached to the margins of the acetabulum.
The labrum is thickest posterosuperiorly and widest anterosuperiorly. It is triangular in cross-section. The fibrocartilage is arranged in three distinct layers:
- external surface: circumferentially oriented layer with radial reinforcing filaments.
- middle layer: dense lamellar collagenous layer
- articular surface: randomly oriented fibrillar layer with chondrocytes
The capsule of the hip joint attaches to the margins or immediately adjacent to the acetabulum and transverse ligament. Superiorly the capsule's attachment is removed from the labrum by a few millimeters forming the perilabral sulcus. Anteriorly and posteriorly the attachment of the capsule is much closer to the base of the labrum, and thus the perilabral sulcus is commensurately smaller.
Variant anatomy
- everted labrum: round or blunted shape on MRI 3
Radiographic features
Radiographically, the labrum is best evaluated with MR arthrography and should appear as a uniformly low signal triangular structure, although signal at the base of the labrum is variable. Additionally, intrasubstance heterogeneous signal is more frequently seen in older patients.
Related pathology
Labral pathology contributes to hip pain and the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. Labral lesions are more frequently seen in patients with 'abnormal' hip morphology including:
- cam-type and pincer type femoroacetabular impingement
- acetabular dysplasia
- acetabular labral calcification
References
- 1. Chatha D & Arora R. MR Imaging of the Normal Hip. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):605-15. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2005.08.012 - Pubmed
- 2. Petersilge C. Imaging of the Acetabular Labrum. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):641-52. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2005.08.015 - Pubmed
- 3. Vogel L, Kraeutler M, Jesse M et al. The Everted Acetabular Labrum: Patho-Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopic Findings of a Native Variant. Arthroscopy. 2022;38(1):72-9. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.038 - Pubmed
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