Fetal conditions associated with maternal diabetes

Changed by Francis Fortin, 16 Oct 2019

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There are numerous fetal congenital anomalies associated with maternal diabetes.

They include

cardiac: congenital cardiac anomalies
- ventricular septal defect (VSD) ⁵
- conotruncal anomalies
  - transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
  - truncus arteriosus
- fetal congestive cardiac failure (without any structural cardiac anomaly) ⁵
- fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy⁸
pulmonary
- surfactant deficiency ²
- transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) ²
central nervous system
- neural tube defects ⁷
- encephalocoeles
- holoprosencephaly ¹
- caudal regression syndrome ³
- sirenomelia
- spina bifida
gastrointestinal
- situs anomalies
- meconium plug syndrome ⁴
renal
- renal agenesis ⁵
- fetal hydronephrosis⁵
- ureteric duplication ⁵
skeletal
others
- polyhydramnios
- large for dates fetus
- fetal macrosomia
- intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR): when the maternal diabetes severe there can be a paradoxical IUGR as opposed to fetal macrosomia
- single umbilical artery