Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Morgan M, Sharma R, Bell D, et al. Good syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 05 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-37012
Good syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which a thymoma causes hypogammaglobulinemia and humoral immunodeficiency. It has been estimated to occur in 0.2-2% of thymomas 2.
It is characterized by:
thymoma
low to absent B-cells
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T-cell mediated defects
Patients with Good syndrome are highly susceptible to bacterial infections.
Radiologically, patients with a thymoma may present with findings compatible with immunodeficiency, such as chronic lung disease.
History and etymology
Good syndrome was first described by Robert "Bob" Alan Good (1922-2003) 7, an American immunologist, in 1955 4-6.
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1. Malphettes M, Gérard L, Galicier L et-al. Good Syndrome: An Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Remarkable for Its High Incidence of Invasive Infections and Autoimmune Complications. Clin. Infect. Dis. . doi:10.1093/cid/civ269 - Pubmed citation
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2. Kelleher P, Misbah SA. What is Good's syndrome? Immunological abnormalities in patients with thymoma. J. Clin. Pathol. 2003;56 (1): 12-6. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
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3. Kelly A, Merlin C, Trouillier S et-al. Thymoma and immunodeficiency: (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging of Good syndrome. Hell J Nucl Med. 2013;16 (2): 140-1. Pubmed citation
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4. Good, R. A. "Agammaglobulinemia: a provocative experiment of nature." Bull Univ Minn 26 (1954): 1-19.
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5. GOOD RA, VARCO RL. A clinical and experimental study of agammaglobulinemia. (1955) The Journal-lancet. 75 (6): 245-71. Pubmed
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6. Agarwal S, Cunningham-Rundles C. Thymoma and immunodeficiency (Good syndrome): a report of 2 unusual cases and review of the literature. (2007) Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 98 (2): 185-90. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60695-3 - Pubmed
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7. Robert A. Good May 21, 1922–June 13, 2003. (2003) The Journal of Immunology. 171 (12): 6318. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6318 - Pubmed
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