Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Weerakkody Y, Silverstone L, Sharma R, et al. Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 26 Feb 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-9991
Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) is a rare benign hamartomatous proliferation of type II pneumocytes and is mostly seen in association with tuberous sclerosis (TS). It can occur with or without concurrent lymphangiomyomatosis.
CT
Seen as random 1 relatively well defined small (1-10 mm 1,4) nodular lung opacities in patients with tuberous sclerosis.
Treatment and prognosis
Unlike lymphangiomyomatosis, multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia is not progressive and therefore treatment is not required 3 however they have been observed to regress on mTOR inhibitors.
History and etymology
It was first described by Popper et al. in 1991 7.
General imaging differential considerations include
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2. Koyama M, Johkoh T, Honda O et-al. Chronic cystic lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution CT in 92 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180 (3): 827-35. AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text) - Pubmed citation
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3. Umeoka S, Koyama T, Miki Y et-al. Pictorial review of tuberous sclerosis in various organs. Radiographics. 28 (7): e32. doi:10.1148/rg.e32 - Pubmed citation
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4. Kobashi Y, Sugiu T, Mouri K, Irei T, Nakata M, Oka M. Multifocal Micronodular Pneumocyte Hyperplasia Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis: Differentiation from Multiple Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008;38(6):451-4. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn042 - Pubmed
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5. Cho HH, Shim SS, Kim Y et-al. Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis with multiple atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia: differentiation from multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia. Clin Radiol. 2010;65 (9): 765-7. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.03.010 - Pubmed citation
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6. Kobashi Y, Sugiu T, Mouri K, Irei T, Nakata M, Oka M. Multifocal Micronodular Pneumocyte Hyperplasia Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis: Differentiation from Multiple Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008;38(6):451-4. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn042 - Pubmed
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7. Nagar AM, Teh HS, Khoo RN et-al. Multifocal pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis. Thorax. 2007;63 (2): 186. doi:10.1136/thx.2006.076604 - Pubmed citation
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8. Guinee D, Singh R, Azumi N et-al. Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia: a distinctive pulmonary manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. Mod. Pathol. 1996;8 (9): 902-6. Pubmed citation
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9. Pannu B, Apala D, Kotecha A, Boland J, Iyer V. Multifocal Micronodular Pneumocyte Hyperplasia (MMPH) in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis-Evidence for Long Term Stability. Respir Med Case Rep. 2017;20:113-5. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.01.010 - Pubmed
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