Pulmonary fungal disease

Last revised by Yuranga Weerakkody on 7 Aug 2024

Pulmonary fungal disease is caused by various organisms of varying virulence and varying sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Immunocompromise, particularly neutropaenia is a major risk factor for invasive and disseminated disease.

Pathologic fungi include:

Serological markers

Imaging evaluation

  • CT chest is considered the diagnostic imaging standard although recent publications suggest some role in CT pulmonary angiography in those with only a "possible clinical diagnosis" and in those with breakthrough infection who are on prophylaxis 12.

  • PET-CT may have a role some cases especially in those with suspected extra-thoracic invasive fungal disease needing accurate assessments of disease response to antifungal therapy 12.

Cases and figures

  • Case 1: angioinvasive aspergillosis
  • Case 2: pulmonary cryptococcosis
  • Case 3: mucormycosis
  • Case 4: Lomentospora prolificans
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