Broca's area
Updates to Article Attributes
Broca's area (Brodmann area 44) is an area of the lateral frontal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the production of speech.
Gross anatomy
Broca's area is located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis and pars triangularis) of the dominant hemisphere, anterior to the anterior commissure line. It is anterior to the primary motor cortex on the precentral gyrus.
Relations
It is bounded anteriorly by the ascending ramus of the lateral (Sylvian) fissure and posteriorly by the precentral sulcus.
Arterial supply
- superior division of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Neurophysiology
This language-eloquent area is most often located in the left hemisphere, also in left-handed individuals 4. However, right-hemispheric dominance may occur in roughly 4% of right-handed individuals and may be as high as 27% in extreme left-handers 5.
Maybe even more interestingly, there appears to be significant plasticity of organisation in the brain regarding the shift of language-eloquent hemisphere 5. This has recently been demonstrated to occur in right-handed patients under experimental conditions with left-sided (virtually reversible) perisylvian lesions by functional MRI (fMRI) 3.
Related pathology
-<p><strong>Broca's area</strong> (<a href="/articles/brodmann-area">Brodmann area</a> 44) is an area of the lateral <a href="/articles/frontal-lobe">frontal lobe</a> in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the production of speech.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>Broca's area is located in the posterior <a href="/articles/inferior-frontal-gyrus">inferior frontal gyrus</a> (<a href="/articles/pars-opercularis">pars opercularis</a> and <a href="/articles/pars-triangularis">pars triangularis</a>) of the dominant hemisphere, anterior to the anterior commissure line. It is anterior to the primary motor cortex on the <a href="/articles/precentral-gyrus">precentral gyrus</a>.</p><h5>Relations</h5><p>It is bounded anteriorly by the ascending ramus of the <a href="/articles/sylvian-fissure">lateral (Sylvian) fissure</a> and posteriorly by the <a href="/articles/precentral-sulcus">precentral sulcus</a>.</p><h4>Arterial supply</h4><ul><li>superior division of the <a title="Middle cerebral artery (MCA)" href="/articles/middle-cerebral-artery">middle cerebral artery (MCA)</a>-</li></ul><h4>Neurophysiology</h4><p>This language-eloquent area is most often located in the left hemisphere, also in left-handed individuals <sup>4</sup>. However, right-hemispheric dominance may occur in roughly 4% of right-handed individuals and may be as high as 27% in extreme left-handers <sup>5</sup>.</p><p>Maybe even more interestingly, there appears to be significant plasticity of organisation in the brain regarding the shift of language-eloquent hemisphere <sup>5</sup>. This has recently been demonstrated to occur in right-handed patients under experimental conditions with left-sided (virtually reversible) perisylvian lesions by <a title="Functional MRI" href="/articles/functional-mri">functional MRI (fMRI)</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Related pathology</h4><ul>- +<p><strong>Broca's area</strong> (<a href="/articles/brodmann-area">Brodmann area</a> 44) is an area of the lateral <a href="/articles/frontal-lobe">frontal lobe</a> in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the production of speech.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>Broca's area is located in the posterior <a href="/articles/inferior-frontal-gyrus">inferior frontal gyrus</a> (<a href="/articles/pars-opercularis">pars opercularis</a> and <a href="/articles/pars-triangularis">pars triangularis</a>) of the dominant hemisphere, anterior to the anterior commissure line. It is anterior to the primary motor cortex on the <a href="/articles/precentral-gyrus">precentral gyrus</a>.</p><h5>Relations</h5><p>It is bounded anteriorly by the ascending ramus of the <a href="/articles/sylvian-fissure">lateral (Sylvian) fissure</a> and posteriorly by the <a href="/articles/precentral-sulcus">precentral sulcus</a>.</p><h4>Arterial supply</h4><ul><li>superior division of the <a href="/articles/middle-cerebral-artery">middle cerebral artery (MCA)</a>
- +</li></ul><h4>Neurophysiology</h4><p>This language-eloquent area is most often located in the left hemisphere, also in left-handed individuals <sup>4</sup>. However, right-hemispheric dominance may occur in roughly 4% of right-handed individuals and may be as high as 27% in extreme left-handers <sup>5</sup>.</p><p>Maybe even more interestingly, there appears to be significant plasticity of organisation in the brain regarding the shift of language-eloquent hemisphere <sup>5</sup>. This has recently been demonstrated to occur in right-handed patients under experimental conditions with left-sided (virtually reversible) perisylvian lesions by <a href="/articles/functional-mri">functional MRI (fMRI)</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Related pathology</h4><ul>
Image 3 MRI ( create )
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