Cephalopelvic disproportion

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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) ~~is a state~~ occurs when there is a mismatch between the size of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis causing a difficulty in the safe passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

Pathology

Cephalopelvic disproportion may be caused by the fetal head outgrowing the capacity of the maternal birth canal, or by presentation in a position or attitude that will not allow descent through the pelvis. Untreated, the consequence is obstructed labour, which would endanger the life of both mother and fetus.

Classification

Absolute CPD

~~which would lead~~

Absolute CPD leads

to a true mechanical obstruction~~. Causes of the same can be~~ and causes include:

~~Permanent~~

permanent (maternal factors): •
- contracted pelvis •
- pelvic exostoses •
- ~~spondylolisthesis~~spondylolisthesis •
- anterior sacrococcygeal tumors ~~Temporary~~
temporary (fetal factors): •
- hydrocephalus•
- macrosomia

Relative CPD

•

brow presentation •
face presentation – mentoposterior •
occipitoposterior positions •
deflexed head

The most frequent cause of CPD is contracted pelvis with an average sized infant.

Also seeSee also

-<p><strong>Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)</strong> is a state when there is a mismatch between the size of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis causing a difficulty in the safe passage of the fetus through the birth canal.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Cephalopelvic disproportion may be caused by the fetal head outgrowing the capacity of the maternal birth canal, or by presentation in a position or attitude that will not allow descent through the pelvis. Untreated, the consequence is obstructed labour, which would endanger the life of both mother and fetus. </p><h5>Classification</h5><p><strong>Absolute CPD</strong> which would lead to a true mechanical obstruction. Causes of the same can be</p><p>Permanent (maternal factors): </p><p>• contracted pelvis <br>• pelvic exostoses <br>•<a href="/articles/spondylolisthesis-1"> spondylolisthesis </a><br>• anterior <a href="/articles/sacral-lesions">sacrococcygeal tumors</a> </p><p>Temporary (fetal factors): </p><p>• <a href="/articles/hydrocephalus">hydrocephalus </a><br>• <a href="/articles/macrosomia">macrosomia</a></p><p><strong>Relative CPD </strong></p><p>• brow presentation <br>• face presentation – mentoposterior <br>• occipitoposterior positions <br>• deflexed head </p><p><span style="line-height:1.6em">The most frequent cause of CPD is contracted pelvis with an average sized infant.</span></p><h4>Also see</h4><ul>
+<p><strong>Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)</strong> occurs when there is a mismatch between the size of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis causing a difficulty in the safe passage of the fetus through the birth canal.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Cephalopelvic disproportion may be caused by the fetal head outgrowing the capacity of the maternal birth canal, or by presentation in a position or attitude that will not allow descent through the pelvis. Untreated, the consequence is obstructed labour, which would endanger the life of both mother and fetus. </p><h5>Classification</h5><h6>Absolute CPD</h6><p>Absolute CPD leads to a true mechanical obstruction and causes include:</p><ul>
+<li>permanent (maternal factors): <ul>
+<li>contracted pelvis </li>
+<li>pelvic exostoses </li>
+<li><a href="/articles/spondylolisthesis-1">spondylolisthesis </a></li>
+<li>anterior <a href="/articles/sacral-lesions">sacrococcygeal tumors</a> </li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>temporary (fetal factors): <ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/hydrocephalus">hydrocephalus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/macrosomia">macrosomia</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul><h6>Relative CPD </h6><ul>
+<li>brow presentation </li>
+<li>face presentation – mentoposterior </li>
+<li>occipitoposterior positions </li>
+<li>deflexed head </li>
+</ul><p>The most frequent cause of CPD is contracted pelvis with an average sized infant.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul>