DNA
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid which contains the genetic information necessary for RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein biosynthesis 1.
Molecular structure
DNA is made up of two double-stranded polynucleotide chains. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, to which the nitrogenous base and a phosphate group are covalently linked (N-glycosidic and phosphoester respectively). The nucleotides, in turn, are held together by "bridging" chemical bonds between the pentose molecules (phosphodiesteric chemical bond) 2,3.
The two polynucleotide chains, on the other hand, are joined by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds); they are established between the complementary heterocyclic base pairs: two H-bonds between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and three H-bonds between guanine (G) and cytosine (C) 4.
Primary structure
To characterize the DNA (or a segment thereof) is the sequence of heterocyclic bases along the polynucleotide chain 2.
Secondary structure
It equates to the right-handed double helix proposed in 1953 by James D Watson and Francis H Crick (B-form) for which they won the Nobel Prize3. Each complete turn of the double helix countstakes ten pairs of nucleotides 6.
DNA methylation
Epigenetic mechanism used by the human cell to modulate gene expression; consists inof the addition of a methyl group (-CH3) to specific regions of the DNA 5.
-<p><strong>DNA</strong> (<strong>deoxyribonucleic acid</strong>) is a <a href="/articles/nucleic-acids">nucleic acid</a> which contains the genetic information necessary for <a href="/articles/rna-ribonucleic-acid">RNA (ribonucleic acid)</a> and <a href="/articles/proteins">protein</a> biosynthesis <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Molecular structure</h4><p>DNA is made up of two double-stranded polynucleotide chains. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, to which the nitrogenous base and a phosphate group are covalently linked (N-glycosidic and phosphoester respectively). The nucleotides, in turn, are held together by "bridging" chemical bonds between the pentose molecules (phosphodiesteric chemical bond) <sup>2,3</sup>. The two polynucleotide chains, on the other hand, are joined by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds); they are established between the complementary heterocyclic base pairs: two H-bonds between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and three H-bonds between guanine (G) and cytosine (C) <sup>4</sup>.</p><h5>Primary structure</h5><p>To characterize the DNA (or a segment thereof) is the sequence of heterocyclic bases along the polynucleotide chain<sup> 2</sup>.</p><h5>Secondary structure</h5><p>It equates to the right-handed double helix proposed in 1953 by James D Watson and Francis H Crick (B-form) <sup>3</sup>. Each complete turn of the double helix counts ten pairs of nucleotides <sup>6</sup>.</p><h5>DNA methylation</h5><p>Epigenetic mechanism used by the human cell to modulate gene expression; consists in the addition of a methyl group (-CH<sub>3</sub>) to specific regions of the DNA <sup>5</sup>.</p>- +<p><strong>DNA</strong> (<strong>deoxyribonucleic acid</strong>) is a <a href="/articles/nucleic-acids">nucleic acid</a> which contains the genetic information necessary for <a href="/articles/rna-ribonucleic-acid">RNA (ribonucleic acid)</a> and <a href="/articles/proteins">protein</a> biosynthesis <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Molecular structure</h4><p>DNA is made up of two double-stranded polynucleotide chains. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, to which the nitrogenous base and a phosphate group are covalently linked (N-glycosidic and phosphoester respectively). The nucleotides, in turn, are held together by "bridging" chemical bonds between the pentose molecules (phosphodiesteric chemical bond) <sup>2,3</sup>.</p><p>The two polynucleotide chains, on the other hand, are joined by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds); they are established between the complementary heterocyclic base pairs: two H-bonds between <strong>adenine (A) </strong>and <strong>thymine (T)</strong> and three H-bonds between <strong>guanine (G) </strong>and <strong>cytosine (C)</strong> <sup>4</sup>.</p><h5>Primary structure</h5><p>To characterize the DNA (or a segment thereof) is the sequence of heterocyclic bases along the polynucleotide chain<sup> 2</sup>.</p><h5>Secondary structure</h5><p>It equates to the right-handed double helix proposed in 1953 by James D Watson and Francis H Crick (B-form) for which they won the <a title="Nobel Prizes for radiology" href="/articles/nobel-prizes-for-radiology">Nobel Prize</a> <sup>3</sup>. Each complete turn of the double helix takes ten pairs of nucleotides <sup>6</sup>.</p><h5>DNA methylation</h5><p>Epigenetic mechanism used by the human cell to modulate gene expression; consists of the addition of a methyl group (-CH<sub>3</sub>) to specific regions of the DNA <sup>5</sup>.</p>
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