Encrusted ureteric stent
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Encrustation of ureteral stent is a significant complication of utilization of ureteral stents placement, it can prone patient to renal damage. Timely endourologic intervention have a significant role in rescue of renal function 1,3
Pathology
Causes of encrustation are multifactorial which include:
- calcium or magnesium precipitation along stent pathway secondary to urinary tract infection
- chronic stone
formersforming patients - pregnancy and recurrent urinary tract infections 2
Indication
Stents are indicated for both short and long term duration:
- renal calculi with ureteric obstruction
- pelvic malignancies that encassing ureter
- ureteric strictures
- retro peritoneal lymphoma and fibrosis
Complications
- stent blockage
-
disldgementdislodgement of stent - Urinary tract infection/ urosepsis
Treatment and prognosis
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, antegrade ureteroscopic calculus manipulation and extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy are treatment options. Average 2.5 endo-urological surgeries are required 3. Three monthly exchange of double J ureteral stents is also well established 2,3,5
Practical points
- Lost ureteral stents produce significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to widespread encrustation and fragmentation
- Avoided ureteral stents are identified in urologic practice because of ignorance of patient or failure of physician to satisfactorily advice the patient 5
-<p> Encrustation of <a title="Ureteral stent" href="/articles/ureteric-stent-1">ureteral stent</a> is a significant complication of utilization of ureteral stents, it can prone patient to renal damage. Timely endourologic intervention have a significant role in rescue of renal function <sup>1,3</sup></p><h4>- +<p> Encrustation of <a href="/articles/ureteric-stent-1">ureteral stent</a> is a significant complication of ureteral stents placement, it can prone patient to renal damage. Timely endourologic intervention have a significant role in rescue of renal function <sup>1,3</sup></p><h4>
-<li>calcium or magnesium precipitation along stent secondary to urinary tract infection</li>-<li>chronic stone formers</li>- +<li>calcium or magnesium precipitation along stent pathway secondary to urinary tract infection</li>
- +<li>chronic stone forming patients</li>
-<a title="Renal calculi" href="/articles/urolithiasis">renal calculi</a> with ureteric obstruction</li>- +<a href="/articles/urolithiasis">renal calculi</a> with ureteric obstruction</li>
-<a title="Lymphoma" href="/articles/lymphoma">retro peritoneal lymphoma</a> and fibrosis</li>- +<a href="/articles/lymphoma">retro peritoneal lymphoma</a> and fibrosis</li>
-<li>disldgement of stent</li>- +<li>dislodgement of stent</li>
-</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, antegrade ureteroscopic calculus manipulation and extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy are treatment options. Average 2.5 endo-urological surgeries are required <sup>3</sup>. Three monthly exchange of double J ureteral stents is also well established <sup>2,3</sup></p><h4>Practical points</h4><ul>- +</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, antegrade ureteroscopic calculus manipulation and extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy are treatment options. Average 2.5 endo-urological surgeries are required <sup>3</sup>. Three monthly exchange of double J ureteral stents is also well established <sup>2,3,5</sup></p><h4>Practical points</h4><ul>
References changed:
- 5. Polat H, Yücel MÖ, Utangaç MM, Benlioğlu C, Gök A, Çift A, Kalyenci B, Lök U, Gülaçtı U. Management of Forgotten Ureteral Stents: Relationship Between Indwelling Time and Required Treatment Approaches. (2017) Balkan medical journal. 34 (4): 301-307. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562">doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28443570">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 5. Polat H, Yücel MÖ, Utangaç MM, Benlioğlu C, Gök A, Çift A, Kalyenci B, Lök U, Gülaçtı U. Management of Forgotten Ureteral Stents: Relationship Between Indwelling Time and Required Treatment Approaches. (2017) Balkan medical journal. 34 (4): 301-307. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562">doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28443570">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 5. https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1677-55382010000400005&script=sci_arttext
- Polat H, Yücel MÖ, Utangaç MM, Benlioğlu C, Gök A, Çift A, Kalyenci B, Lök U, Gülaçtı U. Management of Forgotten Ureteral Stents: Relationship Between Indwelling Time and Required Treatment Approaches. (2017) Balkan medical journal. 34 (4): 301-307. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562">doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1562</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28443570">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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