Fetal atrial flutter
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A fetalFetal atrial flutter is the second most common fetal tachyarrhythmia and can account for up to ~ 26 - 30% of such cases 1-2.
Clinical presentation
As with other tachyarrthymias it is often detected in the 3rd trimester.
Pathophysiology
It has a typical atrial rate of 300 - 600-600 beats per minute (bpm) and often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block (often 2:1 atrioventricular conduction 2). :
- mean atrial rate
~: 440- 520-520 bpm 2,8 - mean ventricular rate
~: 200- 250-250 bpm 2,8
Associations
- coexistence of a another form of arrhythmia: present in
~5- 10-10% of cases - stuctural cardiac anomalies
Complications
- development of hydrops fetalis is a serious concern
-<p>A <strong>fetal atrial flutter </strong>is the second most common <a href="/articles/fetal-tachyarrhythmia" title="Fetal tachyarrhythmias">fetal tachyarrhythmia</a> and can account for up to ~ 26 - 30 % of such cases <sup>1-2</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>As with other tachyarrthymias it is often detected in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester.</p><h4>Pathophysiology</h4><p>It has a typical atrial rate of 300 - 600 beats per minute (bpm) and often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block (often 2:1 atrioventricular conduction <sup>2</sup>). </p><ul>-<li>mean atrial rate ~ 440 - 520 bpm <sup>2,8</sup>- +<p><strong>Fetal atrial flutter </strong>is the second most common <a href="/articles/fetal-tachyarrhythmia">fetal tachyarrhythmia</a> and can account for up to 30% of such cases <sup>1-2</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>As with other tachyarrthymias it is often detected in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester.</p><h4>Pathophysiology</h4><p>It has a typical atrial rate of 300-600 beats per minute (bpm) and often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block (often 2:1 atrioventricular conduction <sup>2</sup>):</p><ul>
- +<li>mean atrial rate: 440-520 bpm <sup>2,8</sup>
-<li>mean ventricular rate ~ 200 - 250 bpm <sup>2,8</sup>- +<li>mean ventricular rate: 200-250 bpm <sup>2,8</sup>
-<li>coexistence of a another form of arrhythmia : present in ~ 5 - 10 % of cases</li>- +<li>coexistence of a another form of arrhythmia: present in 5-10% of cases</li>
-<li><a href="/articles/ebstein-anomaly" title="Ebstein anomaly">Ebstein anomaly</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/congenital-pulmonary-stenosis" title="Pulmonary stenosis : congenital">pulmonary stenosis</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/ebstein-anomaly">Ebstein anomaly</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/congenital-pulmonary-stenosis">pulmonary stenosis</a></li>
-</ul><h4>Complications</h4><ul><li>development of <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis" title="Hydrops fetalis">hydrops fetalis</a> is a serious concern</li></ul>- +</ul><h4>Complications</h4><ul><li>development of <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis">hydrops fetalis</a> is a serious concern</li></ul>
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