Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,925 results
Article
Removing cassette tape from cassette player
Cassettes are rigid holders used in conventional and computed radiography (CR) for the screen film system and imaging plate respectively.
The back side of the cassette has rubber or felt for adequate contact between the screen film system or with the imaging plate. The front of the cassette is...
Article
Lung
The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival. They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. They are affected by a wide range of pathology...
Article
Biliary ascariasis
Ascariasis is the commonest helminthic infection worldwide and estimated to affect nearly 1 billion people (25% of the population). The disease is transmitted by Ascaris lumbricoides which belongs to the nematode family (roundworms).
Lifecycle
Infection occurs by ingestion of contaminated food...
Article
Thoracic aortic stenosis (differential)
The differential for thoracic aortic stenosis includes:
atherosclerosis
aortitis (especially Takayasu arteritis)
radiotherapy
coarctation
pseudocoarctation
Williams syndrome: supravalvular aortic stenosis
congenital rubella syndrome: supravalvular aortic stenosis
Article
Congenital aortic stenosis
Congenital aortic stenosis broadly refers to a congenital narrowing of the aortic lumen. Although the term can mean narrowing at any point, it often relates to a narrowing of the aortic valve. As a broad group, there can be some overlap with ascending aortic coarctation depending on the definiti...
Article
Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema refers to a number of interconnected processes which result in abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma. It is observed in the majority of injuries involving the central nervous system 5.
It has traditionally been broadly divided into vasogenic...
Article
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) (plural: thromboses) refers to the occlusion of venous channels in the cranial cavity, including dural venous thrombosis, cortical vein thrombosis and deep cerebral vein thrombosis. They often co-exist and the clinical presentation among them is very similar and ...
Article
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is overtaking rebleed as the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the subgroup of patients with SAH who reach the hospital and receive medical care. It usually occurs after a fe...
Article
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa, sometimes also referred to as perisalpingitis isthmica nodosa or diverticulosis of the fallopian tube, refers to nodular scarring of the fallopian tubes. In very early stages, the tubes may appear almost normal. As scarring and nodularity progress, the changes become...
Article
Delayed cerebral ischemia
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a frequent complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. It contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage. It has traditionally been thought to be due to symptomatic vasospasm related to subarachnoid hemorrhage...
Article
Kidneys
The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs that lie at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebral bodies.
Gross anatomy
Location
The kidneys are located to either side of the vertebral column in the perirenal space of the retroperitoneum, within the posterior abdominal wall. The long axis of the...
Article
Occipital condyle fracture
Occipital condylar fractures are uncommon injuries usually resulting from high-energy blunt trauma. They are considered a specific type of basilar skull fracture, and importantly can be seen along with craniocervical dissociation.
Treatment of isolated injury is generally conservative, unless t...
Article
FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES)
FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) is a clinicoradiographic sub-entity of MOGAD comprising seizures and FLAIR-hyperintensities on MRI, particularly involving the cerebral cortex 1,2.
Epidemiology and treatment are covered in a general discussio...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (D)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter D and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Trichilemmal cyst
Trichilemmal cysts, also known as pilar cysts, are benign accumulations of keratin along the outer hair root sheath, most commonly on the scalp. They are the most common subcutaneous nodule incidentally found on head imaging and are of no clinical relevance when asymptomatic 1. Uncommonly, they ...
Article
Bear paw sign (kidney)
The bear paw sign refers to the cross-sectional appearance of the kidney affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is a radial arrangement of multiple, low attenuation rounded spaces representing dilated calyces, surrounded by thin renal parenchyma that has higher attenuation or cont...
Article
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis and represents a chronic granulomatous disease resulting in a non-functioning kidney. Radiographic features are usually specific.
Epidemiology
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is seen essentially in all age gro...
Article
Fetal death in utero
Fetal death in utero (FDIU), also known as intrauterine death (IUD), is the term used when the death of a fetus occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. Prior to this, it is considered a miscarriage.
Terminology
IUD is often also used as an abbreviation for an intrauterine contraceptive device...
Article
Adrenal vein sampling
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is a procedure where blood is collected from the adrenal veins via catheter to confirm autonomous hormone production, if it is unilateral or bilateral, and to guide further treatment 1. If unilateral, the adrenal gland can be removed by surgery; thus curing secondary ...
Article
Tapia syndrome
Tapia syndrome, also known as matador's disease, is a rare syndrome that is characterized by unilateral paralysis of the tongue and vocal cords. Although the syndrome typically occurs after anesthetic airway management or manipulation, it can very rarely be due to central causes 11. The syndrom...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.