Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,892 results found
Article
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy first described in the Mediterranean region. The genetic defect causes a reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis which causes the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules. The resultant microcytic anemia is the characteristic prese...
Article
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that results in rapidly progressive dementia and death usually within a year from onset. The vast majority are sporadic, but familial and acquired forms are occasionally encountered.
On imaging, it classically manifest...
Article
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is an interventional procedure for the diagnosis and/or treatment of intracranial pathology.
Indications
Cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indicated in a variety of settings including:
diagnosis and treatment of:
aneurysms 1
acute ischemic stroke
vascul...
Article
MR perfusion weighted imaging
Perfusion weighted imaging is a term used to denote a variety of MRI techniques able to give insights into the perfusion of tissues by blood.
There are three techniques in wide use to derive one or more perfusion values:
techniques
dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion
dynam...
Article
Suprascapular neuropathy
Suprascapular neuropathy or suprascapular nerve entrapment occurs if the suprascapular nerve is compressed as it passes through the suprascapular notch or spinoglenoid notch.
Clinical presentation
Non-specific posterior shoulder pain and weakness.
Pathology
Etiology
masses (e.g. ganglion c...
Article
Coracoid process
The coracoid process is a hook-like process on the superolateral edge of the scapula that projects anterolaterally.
Gross anatomy
Attachments
muscles:
coracobrachialis from the medial apex
short head of biceps brachii from the lateral apex
pectoralis minor from the medial and upper part
l...
Article
Reviewing edits
Reviewing edits on Radiopaedia is paramount to ensuring that our content is relevant and of high quality.
This page is mostly useful for editors of the site but may be helpful for general users to gain an insight into what happens behind the scenes at Radiopaedia.
Edits
Whenever an edit is ma...
Article
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconioses are a broad group of lung diseases that are usually categorized as resulting from inhalation of inorganic dust particles 10. They are therefore considered part of the spectrum of inhalational lung diseases, and also occupational lung diseases.
Epidemiology
Associations
Caplan s...
Article
Suprascapular notch
The suprascapular notch is located on the superior aspect of the scapula, at the scapula's anterolateral aspect.
Gross anatomy
The suprascapular notch separates the superior border of the scapula from the coracoid process.
Relations and/or boundaries
The suprascapular nerve passes through t...
Article
Absorption (ultrasound)
In ultrasound, absorption refers to the conversion of the sound wave's mechanical energy into heat energy within tissue 1. Absorption is the primary mechanism by which attenuation occurs.
Article
Beam width artifact
Ultrasound beam width artifact occurs when a reflective object located beyond the widened ultrasound beam, after the focal zone, creates false detectable echoes that are displayed as overlapping the structure of interest.
Features
To understand this artifact, it is important to remember that t...
Article
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (Anti-PLA2R) is an antibody test that is used in the immunohistochemical evaluation of membranous nephropathy (i.e. in differentiation of primary versus secondary) which in is one of the commonest causes of nephrotic syndrome. It may play a role a negating...
Article
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma.
Epidemiology
The average age of onset of sporadic clear cell renal carcinoma is 61 years. In cases associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease, the average age of onset is 37 years 1.
Clinical presentation
Patien...
Article
Spinal subdural hematoma
Spinal subdural hematomas (SSDH) are much less common than epidural hematomas; however, progression of symptoms due to compression tends to be faster 1.
Epidemiology
Spinal subdural hematomas are a rare entity, much more so than epidural hematomas. In a meta-analysis of over 600 spinal hematom...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Spinal epidural hematoma
Spinal epidural hematomas are rare and can result in severe morbidity if treatment is delayed and they are thus typically considered a surgical emergency.
Clinical presentation
The patient's symptoms and signs will depend on the location of the hematoma, and the degree of spinal cord/cauda eq...
Article
Epidural lipomatosis
Epidural lipomatosis refers to an excessive accumulation of fat within the spinal epidural space resulting in compression of the thecal sac. In severe cases, compression may be symptomatic. The lumbar region is most frequently affected.
Epidemiology
The demographics of affected individuals ref...
Article
Cascade stomach
A cascade stomach, also referred to as a cup and spill configuration, is an anatomic variant of the stomach involving an angulation separating the fundus and body of the stomach without twisting around the gastric mesenteries. It is named for its appearance on contrast swallow, where contrast ma...
Article
Triplane fracture
Triplane or triplanar fractures are of the distal tibia only occurring in adolescents. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture.
It comprises of:
a ...
Article
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumors most commonly found in older patients. They can arise de novo or secondary from an existing benign cartilaginous neoplasm. On imaging, these tumors have ring-and-arc chondroid matrix mineralization with aggressive featur...
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