Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,905 results found
Article
Lingual thyroid
A lingual thyroid is a specific type of ectopic thyroid and results from the lack of normal caudal migration of the thyroid gland.
NB: Location at the base of the tongue aside, the information in this article can relate to any ectopic thyroid tissue.
Epidemiology
The condition is congenital a...
Article
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common type of congenital neck cysts and pediatric neck masses. They are typically located in the midline and are the most common midline neck mass in young patients. They can be diagnosed with multiple imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT and MRI.
Ep...
Article
Area postrema syndrome
Area postrema syndrome is a disorder of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (area postrema) which is located on the medial posteroinferior surface of the medulla oblongata. It is usually a demyelinating disorder, as one of the core clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder 1,...
Article
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe demyelinating diseases, which in seropositive cases, is caused by an autoantibody to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel. The classic presentation of NMOSD is with the triad of optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive myelitis, and posi...
Article
Undulating fascia sign
The undulating fascia sign is a radiological sign described in MRI of the lower limbs, typically, but not exclusively, in sporadic inclusion body myositis.
The undulating fascia sign refers to the appearance of the fascia between the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis muscles on T1 sequenc...
Article
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumors most commonly found in older patients. They can arise de novo or secondary to an existing benign cartilaginous neoplasm. On imaging, these tumors have ring-and-arc chondroid matrix mineralization with aggressive features...
Article
Empty sella
An empty sella, also known as an empty pituitary fossa, refers to the appearance of the sella turcica when the pituitary gland appears shrunken or invisible and CSF fills the space instead. It is commonly an incidental finding of no clinical significance, but there exists a well-established asso...
Article
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a type of paranasal sinus surgery performed intranasally using a rigid endoscope. Its primary objective is to restore physiological ventilation and mucociliary transport 1.
Paranasal sinus imaging is crucial in preoperative planning and is also incr...
Article
IgG4-related lung disease
IgG4-related lung disease is a recently described condition. It may occur with or without systemic involvement. It is considered part of the spectrum of IgG4-related disease.
Radiographic features
CT
On HRCT of the chest, it may be categorized into four major subtypes 5:
solid nodular subtyp...
Article
Words we never use
There are a number of words we never use at Radiopaedia.org. This may be the result of an international consensus on correct spelling, other times it is a local decision about how we can improve consistency on the site. The term orthography is the formal term for the system of spelling for any l...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (thoracic manifestations)
Thoracic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be variable.
Please refer to the main article on systemic lupus erythematosus for a general discussion and links to other system-specific manifestations.
Pathology
Pleuropulmonary manifestations
pleuritis: considered one of ...
Article
Papilledema
Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc related to increased intracranial pressure.
Terminology
Although papilledema literally means swelling of the optic disc (nerve head/papilla), it is distinguished in common ophthalmological parlance from optic disc edema 8-10. Papilledema refers ...
Article
Abducens nerve palsy
Abducens nerve palsy, or sixth nerve palsy, results in weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with horizontal diplopia with an inability to abduct the ipsilateral eye, thereby resulting in an esotropia (nasal deviation of the eye).
Pathology
...
Article
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (mnemonic)
Two useful mnemonics to remember the features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are:
VOMER
MOVES
Mnemonics
VOMER
V: ventricles of normal or reduced size
O: optic disc protrusion
M: Meckel's cave enlargement
E: empty sella
R: reduced caliber (stenosis) venous sinuses
MOVES
M: M...
Article
Normal facial nerve enhancement on MRI
The normal facial nerve (CN VII) can demonstrate some enhancement post gadolinium, with the prevalence of which segments is highly variable depending on the MRI sequence 4-8. Enhancement may be asymmetric 4-6. It has been attributed to the circumneural facial arteriovenous plexus.
Typical sites...
Article
Third branchial cleft cyst
Third branchial cleft cysts are a very rare type of branchial cleft cysts. Although they are extremely rare, they remain the second most common congenital lesion of the posterior cervical region after cervical lymphatic malformations or cystic hygromas 3.
Pathology
Third branchial cleft cysts ...
Article
V/Q scan
V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan is a scintigraphic examination of the lung that evaluates pulmonary vasculature perfusion and segmental bronchoalveolar tree ventilation.
Indications
diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism, particularly in patients with a contraindication to CTPA (e.g. iodin...
Article
Central nervous system vasculitis
Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases (vasculitis or cerebral angiitis) affecting the walls of blood vessels in the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Please refer to the article on vasculitis for a general discussion of that entity.
...
Article
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a cause of inner retinal infarction and profound, monocular vision loss, most commonly caused by embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery.
Epidemiology
The most common etiological associations with occlusion of the central retinal artery inclu...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (J)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter J and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.