Articles

Cases

Courses

Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

Create new article

16,922 results

Cholera

Cholera is an acute infective diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae. Severe cholera causes large volume liquid stools, which may rapidly lead to hypovolemic shock and death, unless intensive rehydration therapy is instituted. Prevention of cholera depends upon access to clean water and eff...

Thermal index

The thermal index (TI) is intended as a measure of an ultrasound beam's thermal bioeffects, as absorption of sound waves may cause heating in tissue. It is often displayed on ultrasound screens (along with the mechanical index). The thermal index depends on: a measure of time-averaged acoustic...

Pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia is the commonest cause of vitamin B12 deficiency (or hypocobalaminemia) in the world and is due to an autoantibody against intrinsic factor, the cofactor required for absorption of this vitamin. Epidemiology Pernicious anemia is the commonest cause of hypovitaminosis B12 glob...

WHO classification of tumors of the kidney

The World Health Organisatiοn (WHO) classification of tumors of the kidney is the most commonly used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2016 as part of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary Syst...

JC virus granule cell neuronopathy

JC virus granule cell neuronopathy results from the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), infecting granule cell neurons in the cerebellum, in patients with compromised immune systems. Epidemiology JC virus granule cell neuronopathy is considered a rare manifestation of JC viru...

Oligoastrocytoma (historical)

Oligoastrocytomas is a historical term no longer recognized in the WHO classification of CNS tumors previously to denote intracranial tumors that are part of the glial cell continuum, with mixed oligodendroglial and astrocytic cell populations based on histological features and typically occurre...

Suspected physical abuse

Suspected physical abuse (SPA), also known as non-accidental injury (NAI) or inflicted injury, in infants and young children represents both ethical and legal challenges to treating physicians. Radiologists may be the first clinical staff to suspect non-accidental injuries when confronted with ...

Testicular seminoma

Testicular seminomas are a type of germ cell tumor and the most common testicular tumor, accounting for ~45% of all primary testicular tumors. This article concerns only testicular seminomas; however, seminomas can arise outside of the testis, most often within the anterior mediastinum (see arti...

Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common and come with a large cost to both society and the individual. The diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is a clinical decision, however, imaging, particularly CT, plays a key role in diagnostic work-up, classification, prognostication and follow-up. The...

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (LSE), also known as verrucous endocarditis, is a form of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis characterized by large thrombi vegetations over the endocardial surface. It was considered the predominant form of endocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) until tr...

Central nervous system curriculum

The central nervous system curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core central nervous system knowledge. Definition Topics pertaining to the intracranial content (brain, pituitary, dura, intracranial vasculatures). There will be...

Yasargil classification of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations

The Yasargil classification is one of the two common systems for classifying vein of Galen malformations that is in use at the time of writing (mid 2024). Classification type I: small pure cisternal fistula between the vein of Galen (voG) and either the pericallosal arteries (anterior or post...

COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease

COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease is an autosomal dominant monogenic COL4A1-related disorder that primarily causes cerebral small vessel disease. Epidemiology The exact prevalence is unknown, but the condition is likely under-diagnosed. Clinical presentation The clinical presentation is vari...

Call-Fleming syndrome

Call-Fleming syndrome, also called Call syndrome, essentially synonymous with the term, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), although it is felt to be a subset of the former by some, representing the idiopathic RCVS. Call-Flemming syndrome is therefore characterized by a histo...

Saint Louis encephalitis

Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) is an arboviral infection endemic to the Americas that is caused by the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). Before the establishment of West Nile virus, SLEV was the leading cause of Flavivirus encephalitis in North America 1. The incidence of SLE has since decr...

Oligodendroglioma

Oligodendrogliomas are intracranial tumors that account for 5-25% of all gliomas and 5-10% of all primary intracranial neoplasms. They are characterized by IDH mutation and 1p19q codeletion and can be WHO CNS grade 2 or 3. On imaging, oligodendrogliomas commonly present as masses involving th...

Magnetic shimming

Magnetic shimming refers to the process of reducing magnetic field inhomogeneities. It is an important aspect of optimizing image quality. Field inhomogeneities can be the result by both intrinsic magnet properties and the surrounding environment of the MR magnet – such as the presence of nearby...

Quadriceps injury

Quadriceps injuries are injuries affecting the quadriceps muscle or quadriceps tendon and comprise a spectrum of strains, tears, avulsion and contusions up to the quadriceps tendon rupture. Epidemiology Quadriceps injuries are common injuries in athletes and the quadriceps muscle is often affe...

Peribronchiolar metaplasia

Peribronchiolar metaplasia is a partially recognized pathological entity characterized by fibrosis of the alveolar septa adjacent to terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts, with bronchiolar-type epithelial metaplasia of the peribronchiolar alveolar walls. It is only accepted by some authorities...

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), also known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), is a rare congenital cardiovascular condition in which some of the pulmonary veins, but not all, drain into the systemic circulation rather than in the left atrium. Epidemiolo...

Filtered (1)Done (clear)

+Systems

+Article Sections

×Sort By

ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads

Updating… Please wait.

Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

Thank you for updating your details.