Secundum atrial septal defect
Updates to Article Attributes
A secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum. It describes a defect in the centre of the interatrial septum in the region of the fossa ovalis and is most commonly due to a discontinuity in the portion of the septum derived from the embryologic septum primum 1.
Associations
Radiographic features
Echocardiography
Secundum ASDs may be visualised from parasternal, apical and subxiphoid windows on transthoracic echocardiography. The subxiphoid windows typically offer the most reliable evaluation of the atrial septum as the perpendicular vantage point it affords imparts a lesser degree of acoustic dropout. Non-standard imaging views between standard short and long axes may be required for optimum visualisation of the full length of the interatrial septum 3.
A secundum ASD will appear as a variably sized area of septal "dropout," or absence of tissue, in the mid/central interatrial septum about the fossa ovalis delimited by inferior and superior rims of septum 1. It should demonstrate interatrial flow when assessed with colour flow Doppler, and should be discrete from the ostia of the right pulmonary veins and the free wall of the right atrium. The anterior and posterior rims are best visualised using a parasternal short axis view at the base 4.
-<li><a href="/articles/mitral-valve-prolapse">mitral valve prolapse</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/pulmonary-valve-stenosis">pulmonary valve stenosis</a></li>- +<li><p><a href="/articles/mitral-valve-prolapse">mitral valve prolapse</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/pulmonary-valve-stenosis">pulmonary valve stenosis</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return" title="PAPVR">PAPVR</a> (15%)</p></li>
References changed:
- 5. Tsang T & Dumas C. Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return with Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report. Radiol Case Rep. 2022;17(9):3185-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091">doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35795326">Pubmed</a>
- 5. Tsang T & Dumas C. Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return with Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report. Radiol Case Rep. 2022;17(9):3185-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091">doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35795326">Pubmed</a>
- Tsang T & Dumas C. Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return with Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report. Radiol Case Rep. 2022;17(9):3185-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091">doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2022.05.091</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35795326">Pubmed</a>
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