Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
MRI
MRI (an abbreviation of magnetic resonance imaging) is an imaging modality that uses non-ionizing radiation to create useful diagnostic images.
In simple terms, an MRI scanner consists of a large, powerful magnet in which the patient lies. A radio wave antenna is used to send signals to the bod...
Article
Watershed cerebral infarction
Watershed cerebral infarctions, also known as border zone infarcts, occur at the border between cerebral vascular territories where the tissue is furthest from arterial supply and thus most vulnerable to reductions in perfusion.
Epidemiology
Watershed cerebral infarction accounts for 5-10% of...
Article
Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype
Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype are high-grade pediatric tumors included in the 5th Edition (2021) of the WHO brain tumor classification.
Terminology
Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype are classified among the "pediatr...
Article
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy is a type of congenital neuromuscular disease affecting anterior horn cells of the brainstem and spinal cord.
Epidemiology
This disorder affects 1 in 6000-10000 infants 1.
Clinical presentation
Spinal muscular atrophy typically affects infants and young children, pres...
Article
Infant-type hemispheric glioma
Infant-type hemispheric gliomas, also known as infant high-grade gliomas, are high-grade brain tumors occurring in children.
Terminology
Infant-type hemispheric gliomas belong to the family of "pediatric high-grade diffuse gliomas" of the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervou...
Article
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is an aggressive malignant tumor of the mesothelium. Most tumors arise from the pleura, and so this article will focus on pleural mesothelioma.
Given the presence of the mesothelium in different parts of the body, mesothelioma can arise in var...
Article
Pneumonia
The term pneumonia is most commonly used to mean acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Sometimes chronic infections are included.
Terminology
the term consolidation is often erroneously misinterpreted as a synonym for pneumonia
some interstitial lung diseases have been classified as interst...
Article
Peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcoma
Peripheral chondrosarcomas grade 2 and 3 are malignant intermediate and high-grade chondrogenic neoplasms originating from the bony surface in the chondral cap of pre-existing osteochondromas as a result of malignant transformation, thus the name secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma 1,2. Secondar...
Article
Penia vs paenia (suffixes)
The suffix "-penia" as commonly seen in words such as thrombocytopenia, leucocytopenia, lymphopenia, etc. is commonly incorrectly spelled "-paenia" or even occasionally "-poenia" (incorrect derived forms using the suffix "-paenic" are also seen). This derives from the mistaken belief that the su...
Article
Disc extrusion
Disc extrusion is a type of intervertebral disc herniation and is distinguished from a disc protrusion in that it:
in at least one plane, has a broader dome (B) than a neck (A)
and/or
extends above or below the disc level (into the suprapedicular or infrapedicular zone)
Disc extrusions are a...
Article
Holstein-Lewis fracture
Holstein-Lewis fractures represent a special type of humeral shaft fracture. It is a simple spiral fracture of the distal humerus with a radial displacement of the distal fragment 1,3,4. These fractures are reported to have a higher rate of radial nerve palsy when compared to other humeral shaft...
Article
Ovarian cancer (staging)
The most commonly adopted ovarian cancer staging system is the FIGO staging system. The staging system is from 2014 1:
CT is considered the best imaging modality for staging ovarian cancer 4.
stage I: tumor limited to the ovaries
stage Ia:
tumor limited to one ovary
capsule intact
no tu...
Article
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure but where a causative mass or hydrocephalus is not identified.
Terminology
The older term benign intracranial hypertension is generally frowne...
Article
NTRK-rearranged soft tissue neoplasm
NTRK-rearranged soft tissue neoplasms (emerging), lipofibromatosis-like neural tumors or NTRK-positive tumor-resembling peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a group of rare molecularly defined spindle cell neoplasms excluding infantile fibrosarcoma 1.2. The tumors form a provisional category of un...
Article
Hypovitaminosis C (scurvy)
Scurvy is a condition caused by a dietary lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), hence is also called hypovitaminosis C, and is characterized by an increased bleeding tendency and impaired collagen synthesis resulting in osteoporosis and impaired wound healing.
Epidemiology
Scurvy in adults is rar...
Article
Ligamentum nuchae
The ligamentum nuchae or nuchal ligament is a large median ligament composed of tendons and fascia located between the posterior muscles of the neck.
Gross anatomy
The ligament nuchae covers the spines of C1 to C6 vertebrae. It is a superior and posterior extension of the supraspinous ligament...
Article
Cervical thymus
The cervical thymus (plural: cervical thymi) refers to an ectopic location of the thymus in the neck above the level of the brachiocephalic veins.
Clinical presentation
A cervical thymus usually presents before adolescence as a painless unilateral midline or lateral neck mass.
Pathology
Etio...
Article
Calcified cerebral embolus
Calcified cerebral embolus is an uncommon and often overlooked cause of embolic ischemic stroke.
Epidemiology
Although emboli are a common cause of ischemic stroke, calcified cerebral emboli are considered rare. With only a paucity of literature regarding calcified cerebral emboli (only 48 re...
Article
Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucoid degeneration, along with tears and anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, is a relatively common cause of increased signal within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The appearance can mimic acute or chronic interstitial partial tears of the ACL. How...
Article
Dorello canal
Dorello canal channels the abducens nerve (CN VI) from the pontine cistern to the cavernous sinus.
Gross anatomy
Dorello canal is an interdural space (between the two layers of dura) found at the medial most end of the petrous ridge at the confluence of the inferior petrosal, basal, and caver...
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