Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,876 results found
Article
Left hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon.
Indications
colon cancer
inflammatory bowel disease
isolated left diverticular di...
Article
Maxillary artery
The (internal) maxillary artery is the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
Origin and course
The maxillary artery's origin is behind the neck of the mandible, at first, it is embedded in the substance of the parotid gland. From there it passes anterior between ...
Article
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair
A thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a type of endovascular aneurysm repair that involves the thoracic aorta.
Indications
It is a commonly applied treatment strategy for various thoracic aortic pathologies inclusive of both:
type A and type B thoracic aortic dissections
penetrati...
Article
Glomangioma
Glomangiomas, also known as glomus tumors, are benign vascular tumors typically seen at the distal extremities. On imaging, they characteristically present as small hypervascular nodules under the fingernail.
Terminology
These tumors should not be confused with paragangliomas, which were form...
Article
Tendinous ring
The tendinous ring, also known as the annulus of Zinn, is the common origin of the four rectus muscles (extraocular muscles).
The tendinous ring straddles the lower, medial part of the superior orbital fissure. It attaches to a tubercle on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (at the margin of...
Article
Hesselbach triangle
The Hesselbach triangle or the inguinal triangle is a triangular area on the inferior interior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall within the groin.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
base: inguinal ligament
lateral border: inferior epigastric vessels
medial border: lateral border of the rectus abd...
Article
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease, is the most common cause of proptosis in adults and is most frequently associated with Graves disease. On imaging, it is characterized by bilateral and symmetrical enlargement of the extraocul...
Article
Inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament (also known as Poupart's ligament or the fallopian ligament) is a fibrous band extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It is an important anatomical landmark and denotes the transition of the pelvis to the lower limb.
Gross anatomy
The ingu...
Article
Barrett's index
Barrett's index is used to assess for dysthyroid optic neuropathy, a severe complication of thyroid-associated orbitopathy that can lead to permanent blindness 1.
Measurement
Measurement is calculated on coronal CT or MRI imaging of the orbits at a point halfway between the posterior globe and...
Article
Venous intravasation
Venous intravasation is the unintended introduction of radiographic contrast material into the local venous system. It is a well-recognized phenomenon during retrograde urethrograms 1,2 and hysterosalpingograms (HSG), although can occur with other invasive procedures in the vicinity of venous pl...
Article
Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve is the first (CN I) cranial nerve (TA: nervus olfactorius or nervus cranialis I) and is responsible for conveying the sense of smell from the nasal cavity to the brain. Strictly speaking, the term olfactory 'nerve' refers only to the short first order neurons (olfactory filam...
Article
Pancreatic trauma
The pancreas is uncommonly injured in blunt trauma. However, pancreatic trauma has a high morbidity and mortality rate.
Epidemiology
The pancreas is injured in ~7.5% (range 2-13%) of blunt trauma cases 1,3,7. Motor vehicle accidents account for the vast majority of cases. Penetrating trauma co...
Article
Holt-Oram syndrome
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), also known as heart-hand syndrome, is an autosomal dominant syndrome that results in congenital heart defects and upper limb anomalies:
congenital heart defects
atrial septal defect (ASD) (commonest cardiac defect 4)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
aortic coarctat...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (U)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter U and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (diagnostic radiology)
Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (FCPS) is a specialty fellowship diploma awarded by the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) in 73 disciplines including diagnostic radiology after successful completion of 4-5 years of training and intervening three-phase exami...
Article
Wright and Cofield classification of postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures
The Wright and Cofield classification system can be used for postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures. Humeral periprosthetic fractures may be intraoperative (~60%) or postoperative (~40%) shoulder arthroplasty complications, which can lead to loosening and migration of the prosthesis 1,3....
Article
Posterior parahepatic cyst
Posterior parahepatic cysts are an incidental finding of a small, isolated, nodular structure adjacent to the posterior segment of the right hepatic lobe.
Pathology
Due to the benign imaging characteristics and stability on long-term imaging, no pathologic diagnosis of these lesions has been ...
Article
Stupp protocol
The Stupp protocol has become the standard of care for the treatment of high-grade astrocytoma and glioblastoma since its publication in 2005 and has led to significant survival improvements 1. It consists of radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, an alkylating agent.
Prot...
Article
Three attenuation pattern
The three attenuation pattern or three density pattern was formerly known as the head cheese sign and refers to the presence of well-defined areas of decreased, normal, and increased attenuation on inspiratory CT 6.
Pathology
The resultant mosaic is due to lobular air-trapping with reflex hypo...
Article
Cortical laminar necrosis
Cortical laminar necrosis, also known as pseudolaminar necrosis, is necrosis of cortical neurons in situations when the supply of oxygen and glucose is inadequate to meet regional demands. This is often encountered in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia and hypoglycemia.
It should not be confused wi...
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